This page provides a comprehensive guide to the Class XII Economics syllabus and marking scheme, helping students prepare effectively for their CBSE board exams. Economics is a vital subject that bridges theory and practical knowledge, offering insights into how economies function at both the micro and macro levels. This guide covers all the important topics in Microeconomics and Macroeconomics, including market behavior, national income, fiscal policy, and more, as prescribed by the CBSE curriculum.
In addition to the syllabus breakdown, the page offers a detailed explanation of the marking scheme, helping students understand the weightage of each unit and the structure of the exam paper. Knowing how marks are distributed across different sections enables students to prioritize key topics and plan their study schedules effectively. Whether you are aiming to excel in data-based questions, theoretical concepts, or application-based analysis, this page equips you with the knowledge needed to approach the Class XII Economics board exam with confidence.
Class XII Economics Syllabus and Marking Scheme
|
Class |
Subject Code |
Subject Name |
Theory Marks |
Time (h) |
Internal Assessments Marks |
Total Marks |
Group |
|
12 |
30 |
Economics |
80 |
3 |
20 |
100 |
Group A |
The Class XII Economics syllabus, as outlined by the CBSE, is designed to provide students with a thorough understanding of both Microeconomics and Macroeconomics. The syllabus is divided into two main sections: Microeconomics, which focuses on individual economic units, market structures, and consumer behavior, and Macroeconomics, which covers broader economic concepts such as national income, government budget, and international trade. Students will explore critical economic principles, including supply and demand, fiscal policy, and inflation, with an emphasis on real-world applications. The syllabus also encourages analytical thinking by incorporating data interpretation and policy analysis. Overall, the Class XII Economics syllabus equips students with the skills to understand economic issues at both personal and national levels, laying a strong foundation for further studies in economics, finance, or business.
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Class XII Economics Syllabus & Marking Scheme (2024-25) |
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|
Part |
Unit |
Unit name |
Topic |
Marks |
Weightage % |
|
Part A :Introductory Macroeconomics |
1 |
National Income and Related Aggregates |
What is Macroeconomics? Basic concepts: consumption goods, capital goods, final goods, intermediate goods, stocks and flows, gross investment, depreciation. Circular flow of income (two-sector model). Methods of calculating National Income: Value Added/Product Method, Expenditure Method, Income Method. National Income Aggregates: GNP, NNP, GDP, NDP (at market price, at factor cost), Real and Nominal GDP. GDP Deflator, GDP and Welfare. |
10 |
10% |
|
2 |
Money and Banking |
Money: meaning and functions, supply of money, money creation by commercial banks. Central bank functions (RBI): Bank of Issue, Govt. Bank, Banker's Bank, Credit Control (Bank Rate, CRR, SLR, Repo, Reverse Repo, Open Market Operations). |
6 |
6% |
|
|
3 |
Determination of Income and Employment |
Aggregate demand and its components. Propensity to consume and save (average and marginal). Short-run equilibrium, investment multiplier, full employment, involuntary unemployment. Excess and deficient demand, corrective measures (government spending, taxes, money supply). |
12 |
12% |
|
|
4 |
Government Budget and the Economy |
Meaning, objectives, and components of government budget. Classification of receipts and expenditure (revenue, capital). Balanced, surplus, and deficit budget, measures of government deficit. |
6 |
6% |
|
|
5 |
Balance of Payments |
Meaning and components of Balance of Payments (BoP). Surplus and deficit in BoP. Foreign exchange rate: fixed, flexible, managed floating. Determination of exchange rate in a free market. Merits and demerits of flexible and fixed exchange rates. |
6 |
6% |
|
|
Part B: Indian Economic Development |
6 |
Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms since 1991 |
State of Indian economy on the eve of independence. Five Year Plans: goals and features. Agriculture: institutional aspects, new agricultural strategy. Industry: IPR 1956, SSI - role and importance. Foreign trade. Economic Reforms since 1991 (LPG policy), Demonetization, GST. |
12 |
12% |
|
7 |
Current Challenges Facing Indian Economy |
Human Capital Formation: role in development, education sector. Rural Development: credit, marketing, role of cooperatives, agricultural diversification, organic farming. Employment: growth, formal/informal sector changes, problems, and policies. Sustainable Development: effects on resources and environment (global warming). |
20 |
20% |
|
|
8 |
Development Experience of India |
Comparison with Pakistan and China: economic growth, population, sectoral development, human development indicators. |
8 |
8% |
|
|
Part C: Project Work |
Project in Economics |
20 |
20% |
||
|
Total |
100 |
100% |
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Whether you're aiming for high scores in the board exams or preparing for competitive exams, knowing the weightage of each chapter and understanding the paper pattern will allow you to focus on important topics and manage your study time wisely. The marking scheme provides a breadkdown of the marks allocated to each chapter
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Class XII Economics Marking Scheme & Chapter-wise Weightage (2024-25) |
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|
Unit |
Unit Name |
Chapter |
Marks |
Weightage % |
|
Part A |
Introductory Macroeconomics |
National Income and Related Aggregates |
10 |
10% |
|
Money and Banking |
6 |
6% |
||
|
Determination of Income and Employment |
12 |
12% |
||
|
Government Budget and the Economy |
6 |
6% |
||
|
Balance of Payments |
6 |
6% |
||
|
Part B |
Indian Economic Development |
Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms since 1991 |
12 |
12% |
|
Current Challenges facing Indian Economy |
20 |
20% |
||
|
Development Experience of India – A Comparison with Neighbours |
8 |
8% |
||
|
Part C |
Project Work |
20 |
20% |
|
The exam pattern for Class 12 Economics includes a mix of objective, subjective, and analytical questions. Understanding the exam pattern helps students focus on the structure of the exam, including the types of questions, marks distribution, and time allocation. Here’s an overview of the question format and total marks.
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Class XII Economics Exam Pattern (2024-25) |
|||
|
Type of Questions |
No. of Questions |
Marks Per Question |
Total Marks |
|
MCQ |
20 |
1 |
20 |
|
short answer type |
4 |
3 |
12 |
|
case based questions |
6 |
4 |
24 |
|
long answer type |
4 |
6 |
24 |
|
Total |
34 |
80 |
|
|
Practical |
20 |
||
|
Grand Total |
100 |
||
Here is the latest paper design of class 12th Economics subject.
|
Class XII Economics Exam Pattern (2024-25) |
|||
|
Type of Questions |
No. of Questions |
Marks Per Question |
Total Marks |
|
MCQ |
20 |
1 |
20 |
|
short answer type |
4 |
3 |
12 |
|
case based questions |
6 |
4 |
24 |
|
long answer type |
4 |
6 |
24 |
|
Total |
34 |
80 |
|
|
Practical |
20 |
||
|
Grand Total |
100 |
||
Having a clear understanding of the syllabus and marking scheme for Class 12 Economics is crucial for achieving success in the CBSE board exams. Here’s why:
Targeted Study Approach: The syllabus provides a clear outline of all the topics you need to study, ensuring you cover every important area. The marking scheme helps you focus on high-weightage topics such as national income, market equilibrium, and government budget, enabling a more efficient study strategy.
Balanced Preparation: Economics is divided into Microeconomics and Macroeconomics, both requiring a balanced approach. By understanding the weightage of each section, you can allocate your time wisely and ensure both units are covered comprehensively.
Enhanced Time Management: Knowing the marks distribution and the exam structure helps in managing your time better during the exam. It allows you to practice answering questions according to their importance, ensuring that you allocate enough time to high-mark questions without neglecting the rest.
Reduced Exam Stress: Awareness of the syllabus and marking scheme removes uncertainty about the exam format and the types of questions that will be asked. This not only reduces exam-day anxiety but also boosts your confidence, knowing that you’ve prepared according to the board’s guidelines.
Effective Revision Planning: The marking scheme gives insights into key topics that require more revision. You can concentrate on high-weightage units while also reviewing lower-weighted topics, ensuring thorough preparation for the entire syllabus.
In summary, being familiar with the syllabus and marking scheme helps you streamline your preparation, focus on essential topics, and approach the exam with greater confidence.
Class 12 Economics requires a strategic approach to prepare effectively for both the theory and data-based questions in the board exam. Here are some key tips to help you succeed:
Master the NCERT Textbook: The NCERT textbook is the primary resource for CBSE exams. Read each chapter carefully, and ensure you understand key concepts like demand-supply analysis, GDP calculation, and fiscal policy. Solve all the in-text and end-of-chapter questions to reinforce your learning.
Understand Key Concepts: Economics is a subject that requires conceptual clarity. Instead of memorizing definitions, focus on understanding the logic behind economic theories and policies. Practice applying these concepts to real-world situations, as application-based questions are often asked in the exam.
Create a Study Schedule: Divide the syllabus into manageable sections and allocate time for each topic. Make sure to balance your preparation between Microeconomics and Macroeconomics, giving extra attention to units with higher weightage according to the marking scheme.
Focus on Diagrams and Graphs: Economics often involves diagrams and graphical representations, especially in topics like market equilibrium, production possibility curves, and consumption patterns. Practice drawing and labeling these diagrams accurately, as they can help you score extra marks in the exam.
Solve Previous Years’ Papers: Solving past question papers and sample papers is one of the most effective ways to prepare. It helps you get familiar with the exam format, question patterns, and time management. Aim to solve at least 5–10 years’ worth of papers to build confidence and improve speed.
Revise Regularly: Regular revision is key to retaining the vast syllabus. Create summary notes or mind maps for quick revision, especially for important definitions, key formulas, and economic concepts. Focus on high-weightage topics during the revision phase, but don’t neglect the less-weighted ones.
Stay Updated on Current Economic Developments: Since Economics often touches on real-world applications, stay informed about recent economic policies, trends, and developments in India and globally. This can help you with application-based questions, especially in Macroeconomics.
Practice Data Interpretation: Economics often involves interpreting data from tables, charts, and graphs. Regularly practice such questions, as they test your ability to analyze and interpret economic data, which is a crucial part of the exam.
Stay Positive and Confident: Lastly, maintain a positive attitude throughout your preparation. Stay consistent with your study plan, take regular breaks, and practice relaxation techniques to reduce stress before the exam.
By following these steps, you can prepare effectively for Class 12 Economics and perform confidently in your board exams.