Write a few lines to show what you know about:
! kulaks
! the Duma
! women workers between 1900 and 1930
! the Liberals
! Stalinís collectivisation programme.
(i) Kulaks: It is the Russian term used for the wealthy peasants who stalin believed were hoarding grains to gain more profit by 1972-78. The towns of soviet Russia were facing an severe problem of grain supplies. Kulkas were thought to be responsible for these problems.
(ii) The Duma during 1905 revolution the tsar allowed the creation of an elected consultative parliament in the Russia. And, this elected consultative parliament in Russia was known as duma.
(iii) Women workers between 1900 and 1930s, made up 31% of the factory labour force in 1941 but were paid almost half and three-quarters of the wages than much given to men. However, interestingly, it were the women workers who led the way to strikes during the February revolution.
(iv) The liberals: They espoused a nation that was tolerant towards all the religions; one that would protect individual rights against the government. Although the liberals wanted an elected parliamentary form of governance. They believed that the right to vote must only belong to men not to the women and that too the ones who were the property holders.
(v) Stalin collectivization program Stalin believed that collectivization of agriculture would help in the improving grains supplies in Russia . He began collectivization in 1929. All peasants protested such type of attempts and destroyed live stock to show their anger. Collectivization do not bring the desire result in the food supply situation turned even more worse in the later years.
Why did the Tsarist autocracy collapse in 1917?
In what ways was the working population in Russia different from other countries in Europe, before 1917?
What were the social, economic and political conditions in Russia before 1905?
What were the main changes brought about by the Bolsheviks immediately after the October Revolution?
Make two lists: one with the main events and the effects of the February Revolution and the other with the main events and effects of the October Revolution. Write a paragraph on who was involved in each, who were the leaders and what was the impact of each on Soviet history.
Describe the circumstances leading to the outbreak of revolutionary protest in France.
Describe the problems faced by the Weimar Republic.
Discuss how the changes in forest management in the colonial period affected the following groups of people:
! Shifting cultivators
! Nomadic and pastoralist communities
! Firms trading in timber/forest produce
! Plantation owners
! Kings/British officials engaged in shikar
Explain why nomadic tribes need to move from one place to another. What are the advantages to the environment of this continuous movement?
Which groups of French society benefited from the revolution? Which groups were forced to relinquish power? Which sections of society would have been disappointed with the outcome of the revolution?
Discuss why Nazism became popular in Germany by 1930.
What are the similarities between colonial management of the forests in Bastar and in Java?
Discuss why the colonial government in India brought in the following laws. In each case, explain how the law changed the lives of pastoralists:
! Waste Land rules
! Forest Acts
! Criminal Tribes Act
! Grazing Tax
Describe the legacy of the French Revolution for the peoples of the world 4during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
What are the peculiar features of Nazi thinking?
Describe the legacy of the French Revolution for the peoples of the world 4during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
Discuss how the changes in forest management in the colonial period affected the following groups of people:
! Shifting cultivators
! Nomadic and pastoralist communities
! Firms trading in timber/forest produce
! Plantation owners
! Kings/British officials engaged in shikar
Explain what role women had in Nazi society. Return to Chapter 1 on the French Revolution. Write a paragraph comparing and contrasting the role of women in the two periods.
Between 1880 and 1920, forest cover in the Indian subcontinent declined by 9.7 million hectares, from 108.6 million hectares to 98.9 million hectares. Discuss the role of the following factors in this decline:
! Railways
! Shipbuilding
! Agricultural expansion
! Commercial farming
! Tea/Coffee plantations
! Adivasis and other peasant users
Discuss why Nazism became popular in Germany by 1930.
Describe the circumstances leading to the outbreak of revolutionary protest in France.
Give reasons to explain why the Maasai community lost their grazing lands.
Discuss why the colonial government in India brought in the following laws. In each case, explain how the law changed the lives of pastoralists:
! Waste Land rules
! Forest Acts
! Criminal Tribes Act
! Grazing Tax
Explain why nomadic tribes need to move from one place to another. What are the advantages to the environment of this continuous movement?
Describe the problems faced by the Weimar Republic.