Explain why nomadic tribes need to move from one place to another. What are the advantages to the environment of this continuous movement?
The nomadic tribes need to migrate from one place to another in search of new pastures. When the grass in a particular part got exhausted and the season becomes unconducive, the nomadic tribes then migrates to some other area. The seasonal movement of nomadic tribes is very much beneficial for the environment. It allows regrowth of grass naturally in the pastureland. The movement of the nomadic pastoralists from the downward to the upward areas and vice-versa allowed appropriate time for natural restoration of vegetation grounds. Their continuous shifting provides sufficient forage to the various different animals; both at the high mountains and the lower hills. They also helped in maintaining the quality of the pastures.
Discuss why the colonial government in India brought in the following laws. In each case, explain how the law changed the lives of pastoralists:
! Waste Land rules
! Forest Acts
! Criminal Tribes Act
! Grazing Tax
Give reasons to explain why the Maasai community lost their grazing lands.
There are many similarities in the way in which the modern world forced changes in the lives of pastoral communities in India and East Africa. Write about any two examples of changes which were similar for Indian pastoralists and the Maasai herders.
Describe the circumstances leading to the outbreak of revolutionary protest in France.
What were the social, economic and political conditions in Russia before 1905?
Describe the problems faced by the Weimar Republic.
Discuss how the changes in forest management in the colonial period affected the following groups of people:
! Shifting cultivators
! Nomadic and pastoralist communities
! Firms trading in timber/forest produce
! Plantation owners
! Kings/British officials engaged in shikar
Which groups of French society benefited from the revolution? Which groups were forced to relinquish power? Which sections of society would have been disappointed with the outcome of the revolution?
In what ways was the working population in Russia different from other countries in Europe, before 1917?
Discuss why Nazism became popular in Germany by 1930.
What are the similarities between colonial management of the forests in Bastar and in Java?
Describe the legacy of the French Revolution for the peoples of the world 4during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
Why did the Tsarist autocracy collapse in 1917?
What were the main changes brought about by the Bolsheviks immediately after the October Revolution?
Discuss why Nazism became popular in Germany by 1930.
Between 1880 and 1920, forest cover in the Indian subcontinent declined by 9.7 million hectares, from 108.6 million hectares to 98.9 million hectares. Discuss the role of the following factors in this decline:
! Railways
! Shipbuilding
! Agricultural expansion
! Commercial farming
! Tea/Coffee plantations
! Adivasis and other peasant users
Why are forests affected by wars?
Why did the Tsarist autocracy collapse in 1917?
What are the similarities between colonial management of the forests in Bastar and in Java?
Draw up a list of democratic rights we enjoy today whose origins could be traced to the French Revolution.
Which groups of French society benefited from the revolution? Which groups were forced to relinquish power? Which sections of society would have been disappointed with the outcome of the revolution?
What were the social, economic and political conditions in Russia before 1905?
Write a few lines to show what you know about:
! kulaks
! the Duma
! women workers between 1900 and 1930
! the Liberals
! Stalinís collectivisation programme.