Why are forests affected by wars?
The two world wars had major impacts on the forests. More trees were cut to meet the wartime requirements to britian. In java, the dutch accompanied scorched earth policy just before the Japanese occupation of the region. They destroyed sawmills and burnt huge piles of giant teak logs during the war. The Japanese continued exploration of the forests. They forced forest villagers to cut down trees of the forests. For many villagers it was an opportunity to expand the cultivated area.
Between 1880 and 1920, forest cover in the Indian subcontinent declined by 9.7 million hectares, from 108.6 million hectares to 98.9 million hectares. Discuss the role of the following factors in this decline:
! Railways
! Shipbuilding
! Agricultural expansion
! Commercial farming
! Tea/Coffee plantations
! Adivasis and other peasant users
What are the similarities between colonial management of the forests in Bastar and in Java?
Discuss how the changes in forest management in the colonial period affected the following groups of people:
! Shifting cultivators
! Nomadic and pastoralist communities
! Firms trading in timber/forest produce
! Plantation owners
! Kings/British officials engaged in shikar
Describe the circumstances leading to the outbreak of revolutionary protest in France.
What were the social, economic and political conditions in Russia before 1905?
Describe the problems faced by the Weimar Republic.
Explain why nomadic tribes need to move from one place to another. What are the advantages to the environment of this continuous movement?
Which groups of French society benefited from the revolution? Which groups were forced to relinquish power? Which sections of society would have been disappointed with the outcome of the revolution?
In what ways was the working population in Russia different from other countries in Europe, before 1917?
Discuss why Nazism became popular in Germany by 1930.
Discuss why the colonial government in India brought in the following laws. In each case, explain how the law changed the lives of pastoralists:
! Waste Land rules
! Forest Acts
! Criminal Tribes Act
! Grazing Tax
Describe the legacy of the French Revolution for the peoples of the world 4during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
Why did the Tsarist autocracy collapse in 1917?
Why did the Tsarist autocracy collapse in 1917?
There are many similarities in the way in which the modern world forced changes in the lives of pastoral communities in India and East Africa. Write about any two examples of changes which were similar for Indian pastoralists and the Maasai herders.
Draw up a list of democratic rights we enjoy today whose origins could be traced to the French Revolution.
Which groups of French society benefited from the revolution? Which groups were forced to relinquish power? Which sections of society would have been disappointed with the outcome of the revolution?
What were the social, economic and political conditions in Russia before 1905?
Write a few lines to show what you know about:
! kulaks
! the Duma
! women workers between 1900 and 1930
! the Liberals
! Stalinís collectivisation programme.
Describe the legacy of the French Revolution for the peoples of the world 4during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
What were the main changes brought about by the Bolsheviks immediately after the October Revolution?
Explain what role women had in Nazi society. Return to Chapter 1 on the French Revolution. Write a paragraph comparing and contrasting the role of women in the two periods.
Discuss why Nazism became popular in Germany by 1930.