Explain how defects in a metal block can be detected using ultrasound.
Ultrasounds can be used to detect cracks and flaws in metal blocks. Defects in metal blocks occur due to crack in them. Cracks have air in them. The speed of sound in metal is greater than that in air. Thus, air acts as a rarer medium for sound waves. Whenever ultrasound is transmitted through a metal block that has defects, these waves get reflected in encountering such cracks. Therefore, these waves are not detected at the detector placed on the other side of the block, opposite to that of the transmitter. This indicates that there is a defect in the block.
Explain the working and application of a sonar.
Explain how sound is produced by your school bell.
Distinguish between loudness and intensity of sound.
A sound wave travels at a speed of 339 m s-1. If its wavelength is 1.5 cm, what is the frequency of the wave? Will it be audible?
Which characteristic of the sound helps you to identify your friend by his voice while sitting with others in a dark room?
A sonar device on a submarine sends out a signal and receives an echo 5 s later. Calculate the speed of sound in water if the distance of the object from the submarine is 3625 m.
How is ultrasound used for cleaning?
Explain how the human ear works.
Which wave property determines
(a) loudness, (b) pitch?
Suppose you and your friend are on the moon. Will you be able to hear any sound produced by your friend?
Which of the following has more inertia: (a) a rubber ball and a stone of the same size? (b) a bicycle and a train? (c) a five-rupees coin and a one-rupee coin?
State the universal law of gravitation.
Which of the following are matter?
Chair, air, love, smell, hate, almonds, thought, cold, cold-drink, smell of perfume.
A force of 7 N acts on an object. The displacement is, say 8 m, in the direction of the force (Fig. 11.3). Let us take it that the force acts on the object through the displacement. What is the work done in this case?
What is meant by a pure substance?
In a reaction, 5.3 g of sodium carbonate reacted with 6 g of ethanoic acid. The products were 2.2 g of carbon dioxide, 0.9 g water and 8.2 g of sodium observations are in agreement with the law of conservation of mass.
sodium carbonate + ethanoic acid → sodium ethanoate + carbon dioxide + water
What are canal rays?
State any two conditions essential for good health.
How is our atmosphere different from the atmospheres on Venus and Mars?
Who discovered cells, and how?
Define valency by taking examples of silicon and oxygen.
Diagrammatically show the difference between the three types of muscle fibres.
Number of valence electrons in Cl-ion are:
(a) 16 (b) 8 (c) 17 (d) 18
How are living organisms dependent on the soil? Are organisms that live in water totally independent of soil as a resource?
A 8000 kg engine pulls a train of 5 wagons, each of 2000 kg, along a horizontal track. If the engine exerts a force of 40000 N and the track offers a friction force of 5000 N, then calculate:
(a) the net accelerating force;
(b) the acceleration of the train; and
(c) the force of wagon 1 on wagon 2.
Calculate the work required to be done to stop a car of 1500 kg moving at a velocity of 60 km/h?
How would you choose between two characteristics to be used for developing a hierarchy in classification?
What is genetic manipulation? How is it useful in agricultural practices?
An object of mass 40 kg is raised to a height of 5 m above the ground. What is its potential energy? If the object is allowed to fall, find its kinetic energy when it is half-way down.
You find your mass to be 42 kg on a weighing machine. Is your mass more or less than 42 kg?