Cite an experiment to show that sound needs a material medium for its propagation.
Take an electric bell and connect it to electrical supply. An airtight glass bell jar with a vacuum pump.
When we press the switch, we will be able to hear the bell. One can hear the sound of the ringing bell. Now, take a jar and make a small hole in the bottom and insert a small pipe though it. Connect the other end of the pipe to a vacuum cleaner. When the air in the jar is pumped out gradually, the sound becomes feeble although the same amount of current is flowing through the bell. It will be observed that the sound of the ringing bell decreases. When there is no air present inside, we will not be able to hear the sound of the bell. This shows that sound requires a medium for its propagation.
Explain the working and application of a sonar.
Explain how sound is produced by your school bell.
Explain how defects in a metal block can be detected using ultrasound.
Distinguish between loudness and intensity of sound.
A sound wave travels at a speed of 339 m s-1. If its wavelength is 1.5 cm, what is the frequency of the wave? Will it be audible?
Which characteristic of the sound helps you to identify your friend by his voice while sitting with others in a dark room?
A sonar device on a submarine sends out a signal and receives an echo 5 s later. Calculate the speed of sound in water if the distance of the object from the submarine is 3625 m.
How is ultrasound used for cleaning?
Which wave property determines
(a) loudness, (b) pitch?
Explain how the human ear works.
Which of the following has more inertia: (a) a rubber ball and a stone of the same size? (b) a bicycle and a train? (c) a five-rupees coin and a one-rupee coin?
State the universal law of gravitation.
Which of the following are matter?
Chair, air, love, smell, hate, almonds, thought, cold, cold-drink, smell of perfume.
A force of 7 N acts on an object. The displacement is, say 8 m, in the direction of the force (Fig. 11.3). Let us take it that the force acts on the object through the displacement. What is the work done in this case?
What is meant by a pure substance?
In a reaction, 5.3 g of sodium carbonate reacted with 6 g of ethanoic acid. The products were 2.2 g of carbon dioxide, 0.9 g water and 8.2 g of sodium observations are in agreement with the law of conservation of mass.
sodium carbonate + ethanoic acid → sodium ethanoate + carbon dioxide + water
What are canal rays?
State any two conditions essential for good health.
How is our atmosphere different from the atmospheres on Venus and Mars?
Who discovered cells, and how?
How would you confirm that a colourless liquid given to you is pure water?
What is the importance of universal law of gravitation?
What can you say about the motion of an object whose distance-time graph is a straight line parallel to the time axis?
Composition of the nuclei of two atomic species X and Y are given as under
X Y
Protons = 6 6
Neutrons = 6 8
Give the mass numbers of X and Y. What is the relation between the two species?
Why is ice at 273 K more effective in cooling than water at the same temperature?
The potential energy of a freely falling object decreases progressively. Does this violate the law of conservation of energy? Why?
Fig 8.11 shows the distance-time graph of three objects A,B and C. Study the graph and answer the following questions:
Fig. 8.11
(a) Which of the three is travelling the fastest?
(b) Are all three ever at the same point on the road?
(c) How far has C travelled when B passes A?
(d) How far has B travelled by the time it passes C?
Convert into mole.
(a) 12 g of oxygen gas
(b) 20 g of water
(c) 22 g of carbon dioxide.
How are clouds formed?
What are macro-nutrients and why are they called macro-nutrients?