You have seen weather reports on television and in newspapers. How do you think we are able to predict the weather?
A daily weather forecast is the work of people working for the weather department to collect data on the elements of weather such as maximum and minimum temperatures, maximum and minimum humidity, rainfall, wind speed, etc. Weather satellites are present to take photographs of clouds from space. The maximum and minimum temperature of a day is measured by a thermometer known as the maximum−minimum thermometer. Rainfall is measured by an instrument known as the rain gauge. Wind speed is measured by anemometers. There are various instruments used to measure humidity.
List any three human activities that you think would lead to air pollution.
What causes winds?
Why is the atmosphere essential for life?
Why do organisms need water?
Why is water essential for life?
We know that many human activities lead to increasing levels of pollution of the air, water-bodies and soil. Do you think that isolating these activities to specific and limited areas would help in reducing pollution?
List any three human activities which would lead to an increase in the carbon dioxide content of air.
How does the atmosphere act as a blanket?
How is our atmosphere different from the atmospheres on Venus and Mars?
What is the greenhouse effect?
Which of the following has more inertia: (a) a rubber ball and a stone of the same size? (b) a bicycle and a train? (c) a five-rupees coin and a one-rupee coin?
State the universal law of gravitation.
Which of the following are matter?
Chair, air, love, smell, hate, almonds, thought, cold, cold-drink, smell of perfume.
A force of 7 N acts on an object. The displacement is, say 8 m, in the direction of the force (Fig. 11.3). Let us take it that the force acts on the object through the displacement. What is the work done in this case?
What is meant by a pure substance?
How does the sound produced by a vibrating object in a medium reach your ear?
In a reaction, 5.3 g of sodium carbonate reacted with 6 g of ethanoic acid. The products were 2.2 g of carbon dioxide, 0.9 g water and 8.2 g of sodium observations are in agreement with the law of conservation of mass.
sodium carbonate + ethanoic acid → sodium ethanoate + carbon dioxide + water
What are canal rays?
State any two conditions essential for good health.
Who discovered cells, and how?
Fig 8.11 shows the distance-time graph of three objects A,B and C. Study the graph and answer the following questions:
Fig. 8.11
(a) Which of the three is travelling the fastest?
(b) Are all three ever at the same point on the road?
(c) How far has C travelled when B passes A?
(d) How far has B travelled by the time it passes C?
A pair of bullocks exerts a force of 140 N on a plough. The field being ploughed is 15 m long. How much work is done in ploughing the length of the field?
Diagrammatically show the difference between the three types of muscle fibres.
Differentiate between striated, unstriated and cardiac muscles on the basis of their structure and site/location in the body.
What are macro-nutrients and why are they called macro-nutrients?
Why are we able to sip hot tea or milk faster from a saucer rather than a cup?
How does an Amoeba obtain its food?
Explain how bats use ultrasound to catch a prey.
According to the third law of motion when we push on an object, the object pushes back on us with an equal and opposite force. If the object is a massive truck parked along the roadside, it will probably not move. A student justifies this by answering that the two opposite and equal forces cancel each other. Comment on this logic and explain why the truck does not move.
What are the limitations of J.J. Thomson’s model of the atom?