Class 9 Science - Chapter Matter in Our Surroundings NCERT Solutions | (a) Tabulate the differences in the char
(a) Tabulate the differences in the characterisitcs of states of matter.
(b) Comment upon the following: rigidity, compressibility, fluidity, filling a gas container, shape, kinetic energy and density.
(a) Solid:
* Particles are rigid and un-incompressible.
* Particles possess a definite shape and volume.
* Particles don't have the ability to flow.
* Particles have the least kinetic energy.
* Particles have high density. eg.: salt, iron, gold, chalk.
Liquid:
* Particles are not rigid but can be compressed to a limited extent.
* Particles have only a definite volume but acquire the shape of a container in which they are kept.
* Particles can easily flow from higher to the lower level.
* Particles have more kinetic energy than solid.
* Particles have less density than solids. eg.: water, alcohol, petrol etc.
Gas:
* Particles are not rigid and can be compressed easily.
* Particles don't have a definite shape of volume.
* Particles can flow in all the possible directions.
* Particles have maximum kinetic energy.
* Particles have the least density. eg.: air, CNG, smoke etc.
(b)
* Rigidity: It is the property of matter to maintain its shape even if an external force is applied and the solids show it this property.
* Compressibility: It is the property of matter to allow decrease in volume under high pressure and gases show this property.
* Fluidity: It is the property of a substance to easily flow and allow change in its shape under external forces and this property is shown by both liquids and gases.
* Filling a gas container: Gases can be compressed easily hence they can be filled within a vessel at high pressure. This property of gases allows their convenient filling into a small container or cylinder and that also in a large volume. It also allows their easy transport from one place to other e.g. CNG.
* Shape: According to the type of matter shape differ depending upon the location of particles like solid have a definite shape while liquid acquire the shape of their container and gases as such don't have any shape.
* Kinetic energy: It is the kind of energy present in an object when it is under motion as the particles of that object are continuously moving therefore the object has kinetic energy. However, greater is the movement, more will be the kinetic energy and vise-versa.
Kinetic Energy = Gas > Liquid > Solid
Kinetic energy of gas is maximum.
* Density: Mass per unit volume of a substance is known as its density.
Density = Solid > Liquid > Gas
Solids have the greatest density.
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