Give three examples of the range of variations that you see in life-forms around you.
Examples of range of variations observed in daily life are:
(i) Variation in size: size of organisms can vary from microscopic bacteria to giant redwood trees (about 100 metres).
(ii) Variation in lifespan: lifespan varies from organisms to organisms i.e for bacteria it is of few hours whereas in case of large trees it can be thousands of years .
(iii) Variation in body colour: most of the organisms (insects, flowers, birds) show a vast range of colours to attract and protect from predators.
How do poriferan animals differ from coelenterate animals?
Explain the basis for grouping organisms into five kingdoms.
Explain how animals in Vertebrata are classified into further subgroups.
Which organisms are called primitive and how are they different from the so-called advanced organisms?
How do gymnosperms and Angiosperms differ from each other?
What are the major divisions in the Plantae? What is the basis for these divisions?
How do annelid animals differ from arthropods?
Which do you think is a more basic characteristic for classifying organisms?
(a) the place where they live.
(b) the kind of cells they are made of. Why?
What are the differences between amphibians and reptiles?
Which division among plants has the simplest organisms?
Which of the following has more inertia: (a) a rubber ball and a stone of the same size? (b) a bicycle and a train? (c) a five-rupees coin and a one-rupee coin?
State the universal law of gravitation.
Which of the following are matter?
Chair, air, love, smell, hate, almonds, thought, cold, cold-drink, smell of perfume.
A force of 7 N acts on an object. The displacement is, say 8 m, in the direction of the force (Fig. 11.3). Let us take it that the force acts on the object through the displacement. What is the work done in this case?
What is meant by a pure substance?
How does the sound produced by a vibrating object in a medium reach your ear?
In a reaction, 5.3 g of sodium carbonate reacted with 6 g of ethanoic acid. The products were 2.2 g of carbon dioxide, 0.9 g water and 8.2 g of sodium observations are in agreement with the law of conservation of mass.
sodium carbonate + ethanoic acid → sodium ethanoate + carbon dioxide + water
What are canal rays?
State any two conditions essential for good health.
How is our atmosphere different from the atmospheres on Venus and Mars?
Write down the formulae of
(i) sodium oxide
(ii) aluminium chloride
(iii) sodium suphide
(iv) magnesium hydroxide
Two children are at opposite ends of an aluminium rod. One strikes the end of the rod with a stone. Find the ratio of times taken by the sound wave in air and in aluminium to reach the second child.
List the points of differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures.
Define 1 watt of power.
Summarise the rules for writing of distribution of electrons in various shells for the first eighteen elements.
Why are manure and fertilizers used in fields?
A train starting from a railway station and moving with uniform acceleration attains a speed 40 km h-1 in 10 minutes. Find its acceleration.
How does the force of gravitation between two objects change when the distance between them is reduced to half ?
How would you confirm that a colourless liquid given to you is pure water?
Identify the solutions among the following mixtures.
(a) Soil
(b) Sea water
(c) Air
(d) Coal
(e) Soda water.