When does a production function satisfy constant returns to scale?
Constant returns to scale will hold when a proportional increasem in all the factors of production leads to an equal proportional increase in the output. For example, if both labour and capital are increased by 10% and if the output also increases by 10%, then we say that the production function exhibits constant returns to scale. Algebraically, constant returns to scale exists when,
F (nL, nK) = n (L, K) This implies that if both labour and capital are increased by ‘n’ times, then the production also increases by ‘n’ times.
What is the total product of input?
When does a production function satisfy decreasing returns to scale?
Why does the SMC curve cut the AVC curve at the minimum point of the AVC curve?
Explain the relationship between the marginal products and the total product of an input.
The following table gives the total product schedule of labour. Find the corresponding average product and marginal product schedules of labour.
What are the average fixed cost, average variable cost and average cost of a firm? How are they related?
What is the law of diminishing marginal product?
What do the long-run marginal cost and the average cost curves look like?
Why is the short-run marginal cost curve 'U'-shaped?
What are the average fixed cost, average variable cost and average cost of a firm? How are they related?
What would be the shape of the demand curve so that the total revenue curve is?
(a) A positively sloped straight line passing through the origin?
(b) A horizontal line?
Explain market equilibrium.
Discuss the central problems of an economy.
What are the characteristics of a perfectly competitive market?
What do you mean by the budget set of a consumer?
From the schedule provided below calculate the total revenue, demand curve and the price elasticity of demand:
Quantity |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
Marginal Revenue |
10 |
6 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
- |
When do we say that there is an excess demand for a commodity in the market?
What do you mean by the production possibilities of an economy?
How are the total revenue of a firm, market price, and the quantity sold by the firm related to each other?
What is budget line?
How is the optimal amount of labor determined in a perfectly competitive market?
What is the value of the MR when the demand curve is elastic?
How are the equilibrium price and quantity affected when?
(a) Both demand and supply curves shift in the same direction?
(b) Demand and supply curves shift in opposite directions?
Comment on the shape of MR curve in case when TR curve is a
(a) Positively sloped straight line
(b) Horizontal straight line
What do you understand by normative economic analysis?
If the monopolist firm of Exercise 3 was a public sector firm. The government set a rule for its manager to accept the government fixed price as given (i.e. to be a price taker and therefore behave as a firm in a perfectly competitive market). And the government has decided to set the price so that demand and supply in the market are equal. What would be the equilibrium price, quantity and profit in this case?
Distinguish between microeconomics and macroeconomics.
Suppose a consumer can afford to buy 6 units of good 1 and 8 units of good 2
if she spends her entire income. The prices of the two goods are Rs 6 and Rs 8
respectively. How much is the consumer’s income?
Discuss the subject matter of economics.
When do we say that there is an excess supply for a commodity in the market?