Distinguish between a centrally planned economy and a market economy.
S.No. | Points of Difference | Centrally Planned Economy | Market Economy |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Ownership of factors of production. | Factors of production are publicly owned; i.e., public ownership. | Factors of production are privately owned. |
2 | Production Motive | The motive of production is social welfare. Factors of production are publicly owned; i.e., public ownership. | The main motive is profit making. |
3 | Governing Factor | The production is governed by a planning mechanism; i.e. according to the government plans. | The production is governed by price mechanism; i.e., by demand and supply. |
4 | Income Distribution | The degree of inequality of income is low. | There exists unequal distribution of income. |
5 | Government’s Role | The main role is played by the government – from production to distribution. | The main role is played by private players. They decide what to produce, while the role of a government is limited to maintaining law and order in the nation. |
Distinguish between microeconomics and macroeconomics.
What do you mean by the production possibilities of an economy?
Discuss the subject matter of economics.
What is a production possibility frontier?
Discuss the central problems of an economy.
What do you understand by normative economic analysis?
What do you understand by positive economic analysis?
Explain the concept of a production function
What would be the shape of the demand curve so that the total revenue curve is?
(a) A positively sloped straight line passing through the origin?
(b) A horizontal line?
Explain market equilibrium.
What are the characteristics of a perfectly competitive market?
What do you mean by the budget set of a consumer?
What is the total product of input?
From the schedule provided below calculate the total revenue, demand curve and the price elasticity of demand:
Quantity |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
Marginal Revenue |
10 |
6 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
- |
When do we say that there is an excess demand for a commodity in the market?
How are the total revenue of a firm, market price, and the quantity sold by the firm related to each other?
What is budget line?
Consider the demand curve D (p) = 10 – 3p. What is the elasticity at price 53?
Suppose your friend is indifferent to the bundles (5, 6) and (6, 6). Are the preferences of your friend monotonic?
How does an increase in the number of firms in a market affect the market supply curve?
Suppose the demand and supply curve of commodity XX in a perfectly competitive market are given by:
qD =700 - p
qs = 500 + 3p for p ≥ 15
= 0 or 0 ≤ p <15
Assume that the market consists of identical firms. Identify the reason behind the market supply of commodity X being zero at any price less than Rs 15. What will be the equilibrium price for this commodity? At equilibrium, what quantity of X will be produced?
Compute the total revenue, marginal revenue and average revenue schedules in the following table. Market price of each unit of the good is Rs 10.
Quantity Sold | TR | MR | AR |
---|---|---|---|
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 |
What does the average fixed cost curve look like? Why does it look so?
What do you mean by a normal good?
What is the marginal product of an input?
Why does the SMC curve cut the AVC curve at the minimum point of the AVC curve?
At what level of price do the firms in a perfectly competitive market supply when free entry and exit is allowed in the market? How is the equilibrium quantity determined in such a market?