Class 12 Macro Economics - Chapter Government Budget and Economy NCERT Solutions | Distinguish between revenue expenditure

Explain the relation between government deficit and government debt.

Give the relationship between the revenue deficit and the fiscal deficit.

Discuss the issue of deficit reduction.

Are fiscal deficits inflationary?

‘The fiscal deficit gives the borrowing requirement of the government’. Elucidate.

We suppose that C = 70 + 0.70Y D, I = 90, G = 100, T = 0.10Y (a) Find the equilibrium income. (b) What are tax revenues at equilibrium income? Does the government have a balanced budget?

In the above question, calculate the effect on output of a 10 per cent increase in transfers, and a 10 per cent increase in lump-sum taxes. Compare the effects of the two.

Does public debt impose a burden? Explain.

Explain why the tax multiplier is smaller in absolute value than the government expenditure multiplier.

Explain why public goods must be provided by the government.

What is marginal propensity to consume? How is it related to marginal propensity to save?

Differentiate between balance of trade and current account balance.

What are the four factors of production and what are the remunerations to each of these called?

What is a barter system? What are its drawbacks?

What is the difference between microeconomics and macroeconomics?

What is the difference between ex ante investment and ex post investment?

What are official reserve transactions? Explain their importance in the balance of payments.

Why should the aggregate final expenditure of an economy be equal to the aggregate factor payments? Explain.

What are the main functions of money? How does money overcome the shortcomings of a barter system?

What are the important features of a capitalist economy?

Why is the open economy autonomous expenditure multiplier smaller than the closed economy one?

What is ‘effective demand’? How will you derive the autonomous expenditure multiplier when price of final goods and the rate of interest are given?

Distinguish between the nominal exchange rate and the real exchange rate. If you were to decide whether to buy domestic goods or foreign goods, which rate would be more relevant? Explain.

What is the difference between planned and unplanned inventory accumulation? Write down the relation between change in inventories and value added of a firm.

What are the four factors of production and what are the remunerations to each of these called?

What is marginal propensity to consume? How is it related to marginal propensity to save?

Measure the level of ex-ante aggregate demand when autonomous investment and consumption expenditure (A) is Rs 50 crores, and MPS is 0.2 and level of income (Y) is Rs 4000 crores. State whether the economy is in equilibrium or not (cite reasons).

Net National Product at Factor Cost of a particular country in a year is Rs 1,900 crores. There are no interest payments made by the households to the firms/government, or by the firms/government to the households. The Personal Disposable Income of the households is Rs 1,200 crores. The personal income taxes paid by them is Rs 600 crores and the value of retained earnings of the firms and government is valued at Rs 200 crores. What is the value of transfer payments made by the government and firms to the households?

The value of the nominal GNP of an economy was Rs 2,500 crores in a particular year. The value of GNP of that country during the same year, evaluated at the prices of same base year, was Rs 3,000 crores. Calculate the value of the GNP deflator of the year in percentage terms. Has the price level risen between the base year and the year under consideration?

Why should the aggregate final expenditure of an economy be equal to the aggregate factor payments? Explain.