Look at the diagram showing the positive feedback mechanism on page 13. Can you list the inputs that went into tool making? What were the processes that were strengthened by tool making?
After going through the positive feedback mechanism following points can
be inferred:
(a) Inputs that helped in tool making:
● Increased brain size and capacity of brain
● Upright walking
● Visual surveillance long distance
● Walking while foraging and hunting.
(b) The processes that were strengthened by tool making:
● Upright walking ● Increase in size and capacity of brain
● Visual surveillance, long distance walking while foraging and hunting.
Discuss the arguments advanced in favour of the regional continuity model of human origins. Do you think it provides a convincing explanation of the archaeological evidence? Give reasons for your answer.
Humans and mammals such as monkeys and apes have certain similarities in behaviour and anatomy. This indicates that humans possibly evolved from apes. List these resemblances in two columns under the headings of (a) behaviour and (b) anatomy. Are there any differences that you think are noteworthy?
Discuss the extent to which (a) hunting and (b) constructing shelters would have been facilitated by the use of language. What other modes of communication could have been used for these activities?
Which of the following do you think is best documented in the archaeological record: (a) gathering, (b) tool making, (c) the use of fire?
Why do we say that it was not natural fertility and high levels of food production that were the causes of early urbanisation?
What were the features of the lives of the Bedouins in the early seventh century?
Why was trade so significant to the Mongols?
Describe two features of early feudal society in France.
Which elements of Greek and Roman culture were revived in the 14th and 15th centuries ?
Compare the civilization of the Aztecs with that of the Mesopotamians.
How did Britain’s involvement in wars from 1793 to 1815 affect British industries?
Comment on any points of difference between the native peoples of South and North America.
What were the major developments before the Meiji restoration that made it possible for Japan to modernise rapidly?
Which of the following were necessary conditions and which the causes, of early urbanisation, and which would you say were the outcome of the growth of cities:
(a) highly productive agriculture,
(b) water transport,
(c) the lack of metal and stone,
(d) the division of labour,
(e) the use of seals,
(f) the military power of kings that made labour compulsory?
What were the new developments helping European navigation in the 15th century?
Compare the Venetian idea of good government with those in contemporary France.
What were the features of humanist thought?
Describe two features of early feudal society in France.
Why was trade so significant to the Mongols?
‘If history relies upon written records produced by city-based literati, nomadic societies will always receive a hostile representation.’ Would you agree with this statement? Does it explain the reason why Persian chronicles produced such inflated figures of casualties resulting from Mongol campaigns?
Imagine and describe a day in the life of a craftsman in a medieval French town.
What were the relative advantages of canal and railway transportation?
Compare details of Italian architecture of this period with Islamic architecture.
How satisfactory is a museum gallery display in explaining the culture of a people? Give examples from your own experience of a museum.