To what extent were social relations transformed in the new cities?
(i)There was a big contrast between extreme wealth and poverty in the new cities. New means of transport facilities such as horse-drawn carriages, trams, buses, etc. made travelling from home to work an interesting experience.
(ii)Creation of public places like theatres public parks and cinema halls provided new forms of entertainment and social interaction.
(iii)New social groups were formed people of all classes started to migrate to the cities. With an increased demand for lawyers and engineers the “middle class” increased. Debate and discussion became popular and established social norms and practices were questioned.
(iv)Cities also offered new opportunities for women. They chose new professions in the city as factory workers, teachers, film actresses, etc. for a long time so women remained objects of social censure.
What were the concerns that influenced town planning in the nineteenth century?
What were the new kinds of public places that emerged in the colonial city? What functions did they serve?
On an outline map of India, trace the major rivers and hill ranges. Plot ten cities mentionedin the chapter, including Bombay, Calcutta and Madras, and prepare a brief note on why the importance of any two cities that you have marked (one colonial and one pre-colonial) changed in the nineteenth century.
To what extent are census data useful in reconstructing patterns of urbanisation in the colonial context?
What do the terms “White” and “Black” Town signify?
How were urban centres transformed during the eighteenth century?
How did prominent Indian merchants establish themselves in the colonial city?
Examine how concerns of defence and health gave shape to Calcutta.
What are the different colonial architectural styles which can be seen in Bombay city?
Why was the jotedar a powerful figure in many areas of rural Bengal?
Why did the mutinous sepoys in many places turn to erstwhile rulers to provide leadership to the revolt?
How did Mahatma Gandhi seek to identify with the common people?
What did the Muslim League demand through its resolution of 1940?
What were the ideals expressed in the Objectives Resolution?
How did zamindars manage to retain control over their zamindaris?
Discuss the evidence that indicates planning and coordination on the part of the rebels.
How was Mahatma Gandhi perceived by the peasants?
Why did some people think of Partition as a very sudden development?
How was the term minority defined by different groups?
Examine the strengths and limitations of oral history. How have oral-history techniques furthered our understanding of Partition?
What did the rebels want? To what extent did the vision of different social groups differ?
What were the measures taken to ensure unity among the rebels?
What are the problems of using official sources in writing about the history of peasants?
What steps did the British take to quell the uprising?
How was the term minority defined by different groups?
Find out about the route of the Dandi March. On a map of Gujarat plot the line of the march and mark the major towns and villages that it passed along the route.Find out about the route of the Dandi March. On a map of Gujarat plot the line of the march and mark the major towns and villages that it passed along the route.
Why was British India partitioned?
What connection did some of the members of the Constituent Assembly make between the political situation of the time and the need for a strong Centre?
What were Mahatma Gandhi’s arguments against Partition?