Class 12 History - Themes in Indian History - II - Chapter Bhakti-Sufi Traditions NCERT Solutions | Explain with examples what historians me
Explain with examples what historians mean by the integration of cults.
During the period of the 10th Century to the 17th Century, an important trend noticed in the religious life in India is the worship of God in many forms. Many God and Goddesses appear in the scultures and texts but they are various forms of the original deities only. These original deities are Vishnu, Shiva, and Goddesses Durga, Lakshmi and Parvati. Historians have noticed the two marked trends in the socio-religious life of those days. The first was dissemination of the Brahminical ideas. The Brahminical texts were reproduced in simple Sanskrit. They were now made available to women and shudras, who did not have access to Brahminical literature by and large. The second was the Brahmins who were working on the beliefs and practices. It was a process of
evolution, wherein traditional classical traditions were getting new shapes continuously as they were being impacted by the traditions of common people
throughout the land. Now let us look at the two of the following examples.
1.A very good example of the above description is the temple of Jagannatha at Puri in Orissa. The temple is of Lord Jagannatha who is another form of Vishnu only. The word Jagannatha means one who owns the world.
2.There were many local gods; their statues were often created by wood and stones by tribals. Even families began to have Kul Devata. The Goddeses were also created in wood and stone. They all were in various forms only often of Vishnu.
More Questions From Class 12 History - Themes in Indian History - II - Chapter Bhakti-Sufi Traditions
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Discuss the ways in which the Alvars, Nayanars and Virashaivas expressed critiques of the caste system.
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Examine how and why rulers tried to establish connections with the traditions of the Nayanars and the sufis.
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What were the similarities and differences between the be-shari‘a and ba-shari‘a sufi traditions?
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Describe the major teachings of either Kabir or Baba Guru Nanak, and the ways in which these have been transmitted.
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On an outline map of India, plot three major sufi shrines, and three places associated with temples (one each of a form of Vishnu, Shiva and the goddess).
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Analyse, with illustrations, why bhakti and sufi thinkers adopted a variety of languages in which to express their opinions.
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Discuss the major beliefs and practices that characterised Sufism.
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Read any five of the sources included in this chapter and discuss the social and religious ideas that are expressed in them.
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Choose any two of the religious teachers/thinkers/saints mentioned in this chapter, and find out more about their lives and teachings. Prepare a report about the area and the times in which they lived, their major ideas, how we know about them, and why you think they are important.
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Read this excerpt from Bernier:
Numerous are the instances of handsome pieces of workmanship made by persons destitute of tools, and who can scarcely be said to have received instruction from a master. Sometimes they imitate so perfectly articles of European manufacture that the difference between the original and copy can hardly be discerned. Among other things, the Indians make excellent muskets, and fowling- pieces, and such beautiful gold ornaments that it may be doubted if the exquisite workmanship of those articles can be exceeded by any European goldsmith. I have often admired the beauty, softness, and delicacy of their paintings.
List the crafts mentioned in the passage. Compare
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