Class 12 History - Themes in Indian History - I - Chapter Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings NCERT Solutions | Summarise the central teachings of Jaini

Discuss the role of the begums of Bhopal in preserving the stupa at Sanchi.

Were the ideas of the Upanishadic thinkers different from those of the fatalists and materialists? Give reasons for your answer.

Discuss how and why stupas were built.

Why do you think women and men joined the sangha?

To what extent does knowledge of Buddhist literature help in understanding the sculpture at Sanchi?

Discuss the development in sculpture and architecture associated with the rise of Vaishnavism and Shaivism.

Figs. 4.32 and 4.33 are two scenes from Sanchi. Describe what you see in each of them, focusing on the architecture, plants and animals, and the activities. Identify which one shows a rural scene and which an urban scene, giving reasons for your answer.

Read this short inscription and answer:

In the year 33 of the maharaja Huvishka (a Kushana ruler), in the first month of the hot season on the eighth day, a Bodhisatta was set up at Madhuvanaka by the bhikkhuni Dhanavati, the sister’s daughter of the bhikkhuni Buddhamita, who knows the Tipitaka, the female pupil of the bhikkhu Bala, who knows the Tipitaka, together with her father and mother.

(a) How did Dhanavati date her inscription?
(b) Why do you think she installed an image of the Bodhisatta?
(c) Who were the relatives she mentioned?
(d) What Buddhist text did she know?
(e) From whom did she learn this text?

List the items of food available to people in Harappan cities. Identify the groups who would have provided these.

Discuss the evidence of craft production in Early Historic cities. In what ways is this different from the evidence from Harappan cities?

Explain why patriliny may have been particularly important among elite families.

How do archaeologists trace socio-economic differences in Harappan society? What are the differences that they notice?

Describe the salient features of mahajanapadas.

Discuss whether kings in early states were invariably Kshatriyas.

Would you agree that the drainage system in Harappan cities indicates town planning? Give reasons for your answer.

How do historians reconstruct the lives of ordinary people?

Compare and contrast the dharma or norms mentioned in the stories of Drona, Hidimba and Matanga.

List the materials used to make beads in the Harappan civilisation. Describe the process by which any one kind of bead was made.

How do archaeologists trace socio-economic differences in Harappan society? What are the differences that they notice?

Discuss the evidence that suggests that Brahmanical prescriptions about kinship and marriage were not universally followed.

How do historians reconstruct the lives of ordinary people?

Describe some of the distinctive features of Mohenjodaro.

In what ways was the Buddhist theory of a social contract different from the Brahmanical view of society derived from the Purusha sukta?

Discuss the evidence of craft production in Early Historic cities. In what ways is this different from the evidence from Harappan cities?

Discuss how archaeologists reconstruct the past.

How important were gender differences in early societies? Give reasons for your answer.

Discuss the functions that may have been performed by rulers in Harappan society.

Compare and contrast the list of things given to the Pandyan chief (Source 3) with those produced in the village of Danguna (Source 8). Do you notice any similarities or differences?