How can creation of income earning assets address the problem of poverty?
The income earning assets are those assets the ownership of which are controlled and owned by the members of a household. These are land, capital, labour and different levels of skills. Poverty and inequality of income arises due to improper distribution of and access to such income-earning assets. The labour skills of the poverty-trodden population are usually traditional and poor in quality that consequently leads to poor income and employment opportunities. Moreover, a substantial proportion of the population is engaged in the small scale production that often lacks capital and modern technology. Consequently, such techniques directly hamper the income earning capabilities of small scale industries. In addition to this, poor people often lack access to social services like proper medical and health care facilities, better education, proper sanitation, etc. The lack of access to such social services affects health, productivity and finally income earning capabilities of the poor.
In order to alleviate the problem of poverty, the role of income earning assets cannot be substituted. There are various measures that can create income earning assets for the poor people like providing proper access to easy credit, capital, monetary assistance, imparting technical skills, allotment of land to the landless and marginal farmers and better access to education, health services along with better access to information and support services for increasing their productivity. All these measures directly or indirectly contribute positively to the quality of human capital and their endowment of income-earning assets. This in turn leads to increase in the income opportunities and earning capabilities, thereby, contributing to the alleviation of poverty.
Is there any relationship between unemployment and poverty? Explain.
What programmes has the government adopted to help the elderly people and poor and destitute women?
Illustrate the difference between rural and urban poverty. Is it correct to say that poverty has shifted from rural to urban areas? Use the trends in poverty ratio to support your answer.
The three dimensional attack on poverty adopted by the govern-ment has not succeded in poverty alleviation in India. Comment.
Why calorie-based norm is not adequate to identify the poor?
Why are employment generation programmes important in poverty alleviation in India?
Suppose you are a resident of a village, suggest a few measures to tackle the problem of poverty.
What is meant by ‘Food for Work’ programme?
Suppose you are from a poor family and you wish to get help from the government to set up a petty shop. Under which scheme will you apply for assistance and why?
What was the focus of the economic policies pursued by the colonial government in India? What were the impacts of these policies?
What are the two major sources of human capital in a country?
What do you mean by rural development? Bring out the key issues in rural development.
Define a plan?
Who is a worker?
Explain the term ‘infrastructure’.
What is meant by environment?
Why are regional and economic groupings formed?
Why were reforms introduced in India?
Name some notable economists who estimated India’s per capita income during the colonial period?
Explain the supply-demand reversal of environmental resources.
What is organic farming and how does it promote sustainable development?
What was the two-fold motive behind the systematic de-industrialisation affected by the British in pre-independent India?
Do you think the navaratna policy of the government helps in improving the performance of public sector undertakings in India? How?
Explain the role of micro-credit in meeting credit requirements of the poor.
What is marketable surplus?
‘There is a downward trend in inequality world-wide with a rise in the average education levels’. Comment.
Distinguish between the following
(i) Strategic and Minority sale
(ii) Bilateral and Multi-lateral trade
(iii) Tariff and Non-tariff barriers.
What is the state of rural infrastructure in India?
Analyse the recent trends in sectoral distribution of workforce in India.