Name some modern industries which were in operation in our country at the time of independence?
The second half of the nineteenth century witnessed the emergence of modern industries. At the initial stage, development was confined to setting up cotton and jute textile mills. The western parts of the country Maharashtra and Gujarat was the hub for cotton textile mills which were mainly dominated by the Indians whereas the jute industries were mainly concentrated in Bengal and were dominated by the British. In the beginning of the 20th Century, Iron and steel industries also started emerging gradually. It was incorporated in 1907. Some other industries that were operating at a smaller scale during the British era were the sugar industry, cement industry and paper industry.
Indicate the volume and direction of trade at the time of independence.
What do you understand by the drain of Indian wealth during the colonial period?
Critically appraise some of the shortfalls of the industrial policy pursued by the British colonial administration.
When was India’s first official census operation undertaken?
Name some notable economists who estimated India’s per capita income during the colonial period?
Highlight the salient features of India’s pre-independence occupational structure.
What were the main causes of India’s agricultural stagnation during the colonial period?
Give a quantitative appraisal of India’s demographic profile during the colonial period.
What was the focus of the economic policies pursued by the colonial government in India? What were the impacts of these policies?
Were there any positive contributions made by the British in India? Discuss.
What are the two major sources of human capital in a country?
What do you mean by rural development? Bring out the key issues in rural development.
Define a plan?
Who is a worker?
Explain the term ‘infrastructure’.
What is meant by environment?
Why are regional and economic groupings formed?
Why were reforms introduced in India?
Why calorie-based norm is not adequate to identify the poor?
What are the indicators of educational achievement in a country?
While subsidies encourage farmers to use new technology, they are a huge burden on government finances. Discuss the usefulness of subsidies in the light of this fact.
‘Information technology plays a very significant role in achieving sustainable development and food security’ - comment.
Comment on the growth rate trends witnessed in China and India in the last two decades.
Group the following features pertaining to the economies of India, China and Pakistan under three heads
• One-child norm
• Low fertility rate
• High degree of urbanisation
• Mixed economy
• Very high fertility rate
• Large population
• High density of population
• Growth due to manufacturing sector
• Growth due to service sector.
Mention the various indicators of human development.
Discuss economic reforms in India in the light of social justice and welfare.
Differentiate the six systems of Indian medicine.
Why were reforms introduced in India?
What are the three basic sources of generating power?
Why are tariffs imposed?