‘There is a downward trend in inequality world-wide with a rise in the average education levels’. Comment.
Theoretically, there is a negative relationship between education level and degree of inequality. This relationship has been practically established across the world in recent decades. Education not only imparts technical skills but also at the same time enhances productivity of a person. An educated person, endowed with higher productivity and efficiency enjoys relatively higher income earning capacity. The higher income earning capacity and greater acceptability of modern techniques raise the standard and quality of living. Distribution of income has become less skewed and gap between the rich and the poor has been narrowing slowly. Gradually, the importance of education is being realised world-wide and, consequently, governments of different countries have been investing heavily in the education sector. With the rise in average education levels, not only inequality but also other problems like, poverty, underutilisation of resources and inferior standards and quality of life have been minimised.
Discuss the need for promoting women’s education in India.
Trace the relationship between human capital and economic growth.
Discuss the following as a source of human capital formation
(i) Health infrastructure
(ii) Expenditure on migration.
What are the main problems of human capital formation in India?
Education is considered to be an important input for the development of a nation. How?
How is human development a broader term as compared to human capital?
What factors contribute to human capital formation?
Argue in favour of the need for different forms of government intervention in education and health sectors.
What are the indicators of educational achievement in a country?
Bring out the need for on-the-job-training for a person.
What was the focus of the economic policies pursued by the colonial government in India? What were the impacts of these policies?
What do you mean by rural development? Bring out the key issues in rural development.
Define a plan?
Who is a worker?
Explain the term ‘infrastructure’.
What is meant by environment?
Why are regional and economic groupings formed?
Why were reforms introduced in India?
Why calorie-based norm is not adequate to identify the poor?
Name some notable economists who estimated India’s per capita income during the colonial period?
Highlight the salient features of India’s pre-independence occupational structure.
Compare and contrast India and China’s sectoral contribution towards GDP in 2003. What does it indicate?
Define worker-population ratio.
What similar developmental strategies have India and Pakistan followed for their respective developmental paths?
Do you think outsourcing is good for India? Why are developed countries opposing it?
Why are less women found in regular salaried employment?
Explain the role of non-farm employment in promoting rural diversification.
The following table shows distribution of workforce in India for the year 1972-73. Analyse it and give reasons for the nature of workforce distribution. You will notice that the data is pertaining to the situation in India 30 years ago!
Place of Residence | Workforce (in millions) | ||
Male | Female | Total | |
Rural Urban |
125 32 |
69 7 |
195 39 |
Why are regular salaried employees more in urban areas than in rural areas?
The traditional handicrafts industries were ruined under the British rule. Do you agree with this view? Give reasons in support of your answer.