Establish the need for acquiring information relating to health and education expenditure for the effective utilisation of human resources.
The degree of availability of jobs, salaries and admissions related information plays an important role in the determination of human capital. The availability of jobs and admissions related information not only help the students to opt for the best choice according to their interest areas but also leads to the effective utilisation of human skills and knowledge. Some of the important medium of catering different information related to jobs, eligibility criteria, posts and salaries are Employment News (Rozgar Samachar), Employment Exchanges, various TV programs and government and non-government websites. While on the one hand, expenditures on education enhance human skills and their utilisations, on the other hand, the expenditure on health improves health, efficiency, quality of living and life expectancy of people.
The expenditure incurred on the availability of medical information and health awareness determines the health of the people. The acceptability and the use of medical information and family welfare programmes are often obstructed by lack of its publicity and promotion. Often people are reluctant to opt for various health measures due to the lack of complete knowledge and information. For example, few years back, people knew very little about polio and about its vaccination. But due to the constant efforts by various government and non-government organisations under the Pulse Polio Immunisation Program, people are now well aware of polio. Therefore, it is due to the continuous publicity and various awareness campaigns, this program have gained public consciousness. Thus, the expenditure on the spread of information (of education and health) determines the effectiveness and efficacy of human capital.
Discuss the need for promoting women’s education in India.
Trace the relationship between human capital and economic growth.
Discuss the following as a source of human capital formation
(i) Health infrastructure
(ii) Expenditure on migration.
‘There is a downward trend in inequality world-wide with a rise in the average education levels’. Comment.
Education is considered to be an important input for the development of a nation. How?
What are the main problems of human capital formation in India?
How is human development a broader term as compared to human capital?
What factors contribute to human capital formation?
Argue in favour of the need for different forms of government intervention in education and health sectors.
How government organisations facilitate the functioning of schools and hospitals in India?
What was the focus of the economic policies pursued by the colonial government in India? What were the impacts of these policies?
What do you mean by rural development? Bring out the key issues in rural development.
Define a plan?
Who is a worker?
Explain the term ‘infrastructure’.
What is meant by environment?
Why are regional and economic groupings formed?
Why were reforms introduced in India?
Why calorie-based norm is not adequate to identify the poor?
Name some notable economists who estimated India’s per capita income during the colonial period?
Explain the need and type of land reforms implemented in the agriculture sector.
What do you understand by devaluation of rupee?
Agriculture sector appears to be adversely affected by the reform process. Why?
Why calorie-based norm is not adequate to identify the poor?
Explain how the opportunity costs of negative environmental impact are high.
Give a quantitative appraisal of India’s demographic profile during the colonial period.
What happens when the rate of resource extraction exceeds that of their regeneration?
Though the public sector is very essential for industries, many public sector undertakings incur huge losses and are a drain on the economy’s resources. Discuss the usefulness of public sector undertakings in the light of this fact.
Mention the various indicators of human development.
Explain the relevance of intergenerational equity in the definition of sustainable development.