Class 11 Economics - Indian Economic Development - Chapter Environment and Sustainable Development NCERT Solutions | Outline the steps involved in attaining

Sustainable development refers to the achievement of economic development by careful and judicial utilisation of the natural resources so that the present generations' needs are fulfilled without compromising that of the future generations'. It becomes our moral responsibility to hand over earth in good order to the future generation. Aligned with the view of a leading environmental economist, Herman Daly, India has taken the following steps to achieve the aim of sustainable development:

i. Population Control Measures

India has promoted various measures to arrest population explosion. The various population control measures include spread of awareness and knowledge of birth control measures and literacy.

ii. Use of Environment Supportive Fuel

As the fuels such as petrol and diesel emit huge amounts of carbon dioxide that leads to global warming, the Indian government has promoted the use of CNG and LPG. These are clean, eco-friendly fuels that emit lesser smoke.

iii. Use of Solar and Wind Energy

India being a moderate country is enriched with sunlight and wind power. These are two free gifts of nature that are non-exhaustible. It solves the problem of economic growth with due focus on sustainable development.

iv. Recycling and Ban on Plastic Bags

The industrial and household wastes are accumulated on a daily basis. There is a need to develop the habit of recycling of waste products in order to sustain the environment. Household waste can be used as manure for organic farming. A very recent step taken by the Indian government is banning the use of plastic bags. This is a very good step as plastic bags do not get decomposed easily and leads to pollution while recycling.

v. Pollution Tax and Fines

Indian government has taken many steps to control pollution. Some of the measures are regular vehicle checkups, levying pollution tax on the industries emitting smoke. These measures are coupled with huge fines and even imprisonment for the law breakers.

vi. Use of the Input Efficient Technology

The input efficient methods have been devised that not only increases the production and productivity but also efficiency with which the inputs are used. The efficient use of input, on one hand, leads to lesser exploitation of the natural resources and, on the other hand, enhances the future economic growth prospects of India.