Class 11 Economics - Indian Economic Development - Chapter Environment and Sustainable Development NCERT Solutions | Two major environmental issues facing th

What are the functions of the environment?

Highlight any two serious adverse environmental consequences of development in India. India’s environmental problems pose a dichotomy — they are poverty induced and, at the same time, due to affluence in living standards — is this true?

Explain the supply-demand reversal of environmental resources.

What happens when the rate of resource extraction exceeds that of their regeneration?

India has abundant natural resources —substantiate the statement.

Give two instances of

(a) Overuse of environmental resources
(b) Misuse of environmental resources.

Is environmental crisis a recent phenomenon? If so, why?

Explain the relevance of intergenerational equity in the definition of sustainable development.

Identify six factors contributing to land degradation in India.

How do the following factors contribute to the environmental crisis in India? What problem do they pose for the government?

(i) Rising population
(ii) Air pollution
(iii) Water contamination
(iv) Affluent consumption standards
(v) Illiteracy
(vi) Industrialisation
(vii) Urbanisation
(viii) Reduction of forest coverage
(ix) Poaching
(x) Global warming

What was the focus of the economic policies pursued by the colonial government in India? What were the impacts of these policies?

What are the two major sources of human capital in a country?

What do you mean by rural development? Bring out the key issues in rural development.

Define a plan?

Who is a worker?

Explain the term ‘infrastructure’.

Why are regional and economic groupings formed?

Why were reforms introduced in India?

Why calorie-based norm is not adequate to identify the poor?

Name some notable economists who estimated India’s per capita income during the colonial period?

Analyse the recent trends in sectoral distribution of workforce in India.

What are High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds?

What is the sectoral composition of an economy? Is it necessary that the service sector should contribute maximum to the GDP of an economy? Comment.

While subsidies encourage farmers to use new technology, they are a huge burden on government finances. Discuss the usefulness of subsidies in the light of this fact.

Are the following workers — a beggar, a thief, a smuggler, a gambler? Why?

Compared to urban women, more rural women are found working. Why?

An establishment with four hired workers is known as (formal/informal) sector establishment.

Does modernisation as a planning objective create contradiction in the light of employment generation? Explain.

Do you think outsourcing is good for India? Why are developed countries opposing it?

What is the Green Revolution? Why was it implemented and how did Does it benefit the farmers? Explain in brief.