Class 11 Economics - Indian Economic Development - Chapter Environment and Sustainable Development NCERT Solutions | What is meant by environment?

What are the functions of the environment?

Highlight any two serious adverse environmental consequences of development in India. India’s environmental problems pose a dichotomy — they are poverty induced and, at the same time, due to affluence in living standards — is this true?

Explain the supply-demand reversal of environmental resources.

What happens when the rate of resource extraction exceeds that of their regeneration?

India has abundant natural resources —substantiate the statement.

Give two instances of

(a) Overuse of environmental resources
(b) Misuse of environmental resources.

Is environmental crisis a recent phenomenon? If so, why?

Identify six factors contributing to land degradation in India.

How do the following factors contribute to the environmental crisis in India? What problem do they pose for the government?

(i) Rising population
(ii) Air pollution
(iii) Water contamination
(iv) Affluent consumption standards
(v) Illiteracy
(vi) Industrialisation
(vii) Urbanisation
(viii) Reduction of forest coverage
(ix) Poaching
(x) Global warming

Explain how the opportunity costs of negative environmental impact are high.

What was the focus of the economic policies pursued by the colonial government in India? What were the impacts of these policies?

What are the two major sources of human capital in a country?

What do you mean by rural development? Bring out the key issues in rural development.

Define a plan?

Who is a worker?

Explain the term ‘infrastructure’.

Why are regional and economic groupings formed?

Why were reforms introduced in India?

Why calorie-based norm is not adequate to identify the poor?

Name some notable economists who estimated India’s per capita income during the colonial period?

Who is a worker?

Explain the role of non-farm employment in promoting rural diversification.

Why did RBI have to change its role from controller to facilitator of financial sector in India?

What do you mean by rural development? Bring out the key issues in rural development.

Why are less women found in regular salaried employment?

Establish the need for acquiring information relating to health and education expenditure for the effective utilisation of human resources.

The three dimensional attack on poverty adopted by the govern-ment has not succeded in poverty alleviation in India. Comment.

Mention the various indicators of human development.

The traditional handicrafts industries were ruined under the British rule. Do you agree with this view? Give reasons in support of your answer.

Raj is going to school. When he is not in school, you will find him working in his farm. Can you consider him as a worker? Why?