Class 11 Economics - Indian Economic Development - Chapter Employment: Growth, Informalisation and Other Issues NCERT Solutions | Who is a casual wage labourer?

Find the odd man out (i) owner of a saloon (ii) a cobbler (iii) a cashier in Mother Dairy (iv) a tuition master (v) transport operator (vi) construction worker.

Why are regular salaried employees more in urban areas than in rural areas?

Why are less women found in regular salaried employment?

Compared to urban women, more rural women are found working. Why?

Analyse the recent trends in sectoral distribution of workforce in India.

Define worker-population ratio.

The following table shows distribution of workforce in India for the year 1972-73. Analyse it and give reasons for the nature of workforce distribution. You will notice that the data is pertaining to the situation in India 30 years ago!

Is it necessary to generate employment in the formal sector rather than in the informal sector? Why?

An establishment with four hired workers is known as (formal/informal) sector establishment.

Do you think that in the last 50 years, employment generated in the country is commensurate with the growth of GDP in India? How?

What was the focus of the economic policies pursued by the colonial government in India? What were the impacts of these policies?

What are the two major sources of human capital in a country?

What do you mean by rural development? Bring out the key issues in rural development.

Define a plan?

Explain the term ‘infrastructure’.

What is meant by environment?

Why are regional and economic groupings formed?

Why were reforms introduced in India?

Why calorie-based norm is not adequate to identify the poor?

Name some notable economists who estimated India’s per capita income during the colonial period?

What is the important implication of the ‘one child norm’ in China?

Define the liberty indicator. Give some examples of liberty indicators.

How does investment in human capital contribute to growth?

How do the following factors contribute to the environmental crisis in India? What problem do they pose for the government?

(i) Rising population
(ii) Air pollution
(iii) Water contamination
(iv) Affluent consumption standards
(v) Illiteracy
(vi) Industrialisation
(vii) Urbanisation
(viii) Reduction of forest coverage
(ix) Poaching
(x) Global warming

In your view, is it essential for the government to regulate the fee structure in education and health care institutions? If so, why?

Why is agricultural diversification essential for sustainable livelihoods?

Education is considered to be an important input for the development of a nation. How?

‘There is a downward trend in inequality world-wide with a rise in the average education levels’. Comment.

What are the main problems of human capital formation in India?

Highlight the salient features of India’s pre-independence occupational structure.