Why are less women found in regular salaried employment?
Lesser women are found in regular salaried employment as compared to men because a larger proportion of women are engaged in the economic activities without stable contracts and steady income. The stable contracts and steady income are two features prevalent in the regular salaried employment. Women are engaged in informal segments of the economy, where they are not entitled to any social security benefits. Moreover, women work in more vulnerable situations than men and have lower bargaining power and, consequently, are paid lesser than the male workforce. Thus, the women workers are more likely to be found in the self- employment and casual work as compared to men rather than regular salaried employment.
Find the odd man out (i) owner of a saloon (ii) a cobbler (iii) a cashier in Mother Dairy (iv) a tuition master (v) transport operator (vi) construction worker.
Why are regular salaried employees more in urban areas than in rural areas?
Compared to urban women, more rural women are found working. Why?
Analyse the recent trends in sectoral distribution of workforce in India.
Define worker-population ratio.
The following table shows distribution of workforce in India for the year 1972-73. Analyse it and give reasons for the nature of workforce distribution. You will notice that the data is pertaining to the situation in India 30 years ago!
Place of Residence | Workforce (in millions) | ||
Male | Female | Total | |
Rural Urban |
125 32 |
69 7 |
195 39 |
Do you think that in the last 50 years, employment generated in the country is commensurate with the growth of GDP in India? How?
Is it necessary to generate employment in the formal sector rather than in the informal sector? Why?
An establishment with four hired workers is known as (formal/informal) sector establishment.
Who is a casual wage labourer?
What was the focus of the economic policies pursued by the colonial government in India? What were the impacts of these policies?
What are the two major sources of human capital in a country?
What do you mean by rural development? Bring out the key issues in rural development.
Define a plan?
Explain the term ‘infrastructure’.
What is meant by environment?
Why are regional and economic groupings formed?
Why were reforms introduced in India?
Why calorie-based norm is not adequate to identify the poor?
Name some notable economists who estimated India’s per capita income during the colonial period?
What are the main problems of human capital formation in India?
Discuss the importance of credit in rural development.
Explain the role of micro-credit in meeting credit requirements of the poor.
How government organisations facilitate the functioning of schools and hospitals in India?
Explain how the opportunity costs of negative environmental impact are high.
Why are tariffs imposed?
Illustrate the difference between rural and urban poverty. Is it correct to say that poverty has shifted from rural to urban areas? Use the trends in poverty ratio to support your answer.
Explain the Great Leap Forward campaign of China as initiated in 1958.
What is marketable surplus?
‘Information technology plays a very significant role in achieving sustainable development and food security’ - comment.