Class 12 Chemistry - Chapter The d-and f-Block Elements NCERT Solutions | Explain why Cu+ ion is not stable in aqu

Silver atom has completely filled d orbitals (4d10) in its ground state. How can you say that it is a transition element?

The E^θ(M²⁺/M) value for copper is positive (+0.34V). What is possibly the reason for this? (Hint: consider its high Δ_aHV and low Δ_hydHV)

How would you account for the following:

(i) Of the d⁴ species, Cr²⁺ is strongly reducing while manganese (III) is strongly oxidising.

(ii) Cobalt (II) is stable in aqueous solution but in the presence of complexing reagents it is easily oxidised.

(iii) The d¹ configuration is very unstable in ions.

Actinoid contraction is greater from element to element than lanthanoid contraction. Why?

Which is a stronger reducing agent Cr²⁺ or Fe²⁺ and why?

Explain giving reasons:

(i) Transition metals and many of their compounds show paramagnetic behaviour.

(ii) The enthalpies of atomisation of the transition metals are high.

(iii) The transition metals generally form coloured compounds.

(iv) Transition metals and their many compounds act as good catalyst.

Give examples and suggest reasons for the following features of the transition metal chemistry:

(i)The lowest oxide of transition metal is basic, the highest is amphoteric/acidic.

(ii)A transition metal exhibits highest oxidation state in oxides and fluorides.

(iii) The highest oxidation state is exhibited in oxoanions of a metal.

Predict which of the following will be coloured in aqueous solution?

Ti³⁺, V³⁺, Cu⁺, Sc³⁺, Mn²⁺, Fe³⁺ and Co²⁺.

Give reasons for each.

Describe the preparation of potassium dichromate from iron chromite ore. What is the effect of increasing pH on a solution of potassium dichromate?

How would you account for the irregular variation of ionization enthalpies (first and second) in the first series of the transition elements?

For the reaction R → P, the concentration of a reactant changes from 0.03 M to 0.02 M in 25 minutes. Calculate the average rate of reaction using units of time both in minutes and seconds.

Write the formulas for the following coordination compounds:

(i) Tetraamminediaquacobalt (III) chloride

(ii) Potassium tetracyanonickelate(II)

(iii) Tris(ethane-1,2-diamine) chromium(III) chloride

(iv) Amminebromidochloridonitrito-N-platinate(II)

(v) Dichloridobis(ethane-1,2-diamine)platinum(IV) nitrate

(vi) Iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II)

(i) Write structures of different isomeric amines corresponding to the molecular formula, C4H11N

(ii) Write IUPAC names of all the isomers.

(iii) What type of isomerism is exhibited by different pairs of amines?

Why are solids rigid?

Write any two characteristics of Chemisorption.

Write the structures of the following compounds.

(i) α-Methoxypropionaldehyde

(ii) 3-Hydroxybutanal

(iii) 2-Hydroxycyclopentane carbaldehyde

(iv) 4-Oxopentanal

(v) Di-sec-butyl ketone

(vi) 4-Fluoroacetophenone

Which of the ores mentioned in Table 6.1 can be concentrated by magnetic separation method?

Why are pentahalides more covalent than trihalides?

Glucose or sucrose are soluble in water but cyclohexane or benzene (simple six membered ring compounds) are insoluble in water. Explain.

Write structures of the following compounds:

(i) 2-Chloro-3-methylpentane

(ii) 1-Chloro-4-ethylcyclohexane

(iii) 4-tert. Butyl-3-iodoheptane

(iv) 1,4-Dibromobut-2-ene

(v) 1-Bromo-4-sec. butyl-2-methylbenzene

Concentrated nitric acid used in laboratory work is 68% nitric acid by mass in aqueous solution. What should be the molarity of such a sample of the acid if the density of the solution is 1.504 g mL^-1?

Sea is the greatest source of some halogens. Comment.

Define the term polymerisation.

The conductivity of 0.20 M solution of KCl at 298 K is 0.0248 Scm^-1. Calculate its molar conductivity.

Give the structures and IUPAC names of monohydric phenols of molecular formula, C₇H₈O.

Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds:

(i) PhCH₂CH₂COOH         (ii) (CH₃)₂C=CHCOOH

(iii)             (iv)

What is glycogen? How is it different from starch?

The activation energy for the reaction 2HI_(g) → H₂ + I_2(g) is 209.5 kJ mol^-1 at 581 K. Calculate the fraction of molecules of reactants having energy equal to or greater than activation energy?

An aromatic compound 'A' on treatment with aqueous ammonia and heating forms compound 'B' which on heating with Br2 and KOH forms a compound 'C' of molecular formula C6H7N. Write the structures and IUPAC names of compounds A, B and C.

What is a biodegradable polymer? Give an example of a biodegradable aliphatic polyester.