Class 11 Chemistry - Chapter Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques NCERT Solutions | The best and latest technique for isolat

What are hybridisation states of each carbon atom in the following compounds ?

(i) CH₂=C=O,

(ii) CH₃CH=CH₂,

(iii) (CH₃)₂CO,

(iv) CH₂=CHCN,

(v) C₆H₆

Explain the terms Inductive and Electromeric effects. Which electron displacement effect explains the following correct orders of acidity of the carboxylic acids?

(a) Cl₃CCOOH > Cl₂CHCOOH > ClCH₂COOH

(b) CH₃CH₂COOH > (CH₃)₂CHCOOH > (CH₃)₃C.COOH

Write bond line formulas for : Isopropyl alcohol, 2,3-Dimethyl butanal, Heptan-4- one.

Give condensed and bond line structural formulas and identify the functional group(s) present, if any, for :

(a) 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane

(b) 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid

(c) Hexanedial

Indicate the σ and π bonds in the following molecules :

(i) C₆H₆,

(ii) C₆H₁₂,

(iii) CH₂Cl₂,

(iv) CH₂=C=CH₂,

(v) CH₃NO₂,

(vi) HCONHCH₃

Identify the reagents shown in bold in the following equations as nucleophiles or electrophiles:

(a) CH₃COOH  +  HO^-  →   CH₃COO^- + H₂O

(b) CH₃COCH₃  +  C^-N  →  (CH₃)₂ C (CN) (OH)

(c) C₆H₅  +  CH₃C⁺O  →  C₆H₅COCH₃

For the following bond cleavages, use curved-arrows to show the electron flow and classify each as homolysis or heterolysis. Identify reactive intermediate produced as free radical, carbocation and carbanion.

Which of the following represents the correct IUPAC name for the compounds concerned?
(a) 2,2-Dimethylpentane or 2-Dimethylpentane
(b) 2,4,7-Trimethyloctane or 2,5,7-Trimethyloctane
(c) 2-Chloro-4-methylpentane or 4-Chloro-2-methylpentane
(d) But-3-yn-1-ol or But-4-ol-1-yne

Draw the resonance structures for the following compounds. Show the electron shift using curved-arrow notation.

(a) C₆H₅OH

(b) C₆H₅NO₂

(c) CH₃CH=CHCHO

(d) C₆H₅–CHO

(e) C₆ H₅ - C⁺H₂ 

(f)  CH₃CH = CHC⁺H₂

Which of the following carbocation is most stable ?

How do you account for the formation of ethane during chlorination of methane?

What will be the minimum pressure required to compress 500 dm³ of air at 1 bar to 200 dm³ at 30°C?

What are the common physical and chemical features of alkali metals?

Calculate the molecular mass of the following:
(i) H₂O
(ii) CO₂
(iii) CH₄

Assign oxidation number to the underlined elements in each of the following species:

(a) NaH₂PO₄

(b) NaHSO₄

(c) H₄P₂O₇

(d) K₂MnO₄

(e) CaO₂

(f) NaBH₄

(g) H₂S₂O₇

(h) KAl(SO₄)₂.12 H₂O

What is the basic theme of organisation in the periodic table?

Explain the formation of a chemical bond.

Choose the correct answer. A thermodynamic state function is a quantity
(i) used to determine heat changes
(ii) whose value is independent of path
(iii) used to determine pressure volume work
(iv) whose value depends on temperature only.

A liquid is in equilibrium with its vapour in a sealed container at a fixed temperature. The volume of the container is suddenly increased.
a) What is the initial effect of the change on vapour pressure?
b) How do rates of evaporation and condensation change initially?
c) What happens when equilibrium is restored finally and what will be the final vapour pressure?

Justify the position of hydrogen in the periodic table on the basis of its electronic configuration.

What happens when

(a) Borax is heated strongly,

(b) Boric acid is added to water,

(c) Aluminium is treated with dilute NaOH,

(d) BF₃ is reacted with ammonia?

What will be the mass of one ¹²C atom in g?

Describe the importance of the following: (i) limestone (ii) cement (iii) plaster of paris.

What happens when

(i) sodium metal is dropped in water ?

(ii) sodium metal is heated in free supply of air ?

(iii) sodium peroxide dissolves in water ?

The ionization constant of acetic acid is 1.74 x 10^-5. Calculate the degree of dissociation of acetic acid in its 0.05 M solution. Calculate the concentration of acetate ion in the solution and its pH.

What is the maximum number of emission lines when the excited electron of an H atom in n = 6 drops to the ground state?

Write chemical equations for combustion reaction of the following hydrocarbons:

(i) Butane   

(ii) Pentene

(iii) Hexyne

(iv) Toluene

Considering the elements B, C, N, F, and Si, the correct order of their non-metallic character is:
(a) B > C > Si > N > F
b) Si > C > B > N > F
(c) F > N > C > B > Si
d) F > N > C > Si > B

Express the following in the scientific notation:
(i) 0.0048
(ii) 234,000
(iii) 8008
(iv) 500.0
(v) 6.0012

What is the basic difference in approach between the Mendeleev’s Periodic Law and the Modern Periodic Law?