Class 12 Chemistry - Chapter Haloalkanes and Haloarenes NCERT Solutions | Give the uses of freon 12, DDT, carbon t

How the following conversions can be carried out?

(i) Propene to propan-1-ol

(ii) Ethanol to but-1-yne

(iii) 1-Bromopropane to 2-bromopropane

(iv) Toluene to benzyl alcohol

(v) Benzene to 4-bromonitrobenzene

(vi) Benzyl alcohol to 2-phenylethanoic acid

(vii) Ethanol to propanenitrile

(viii) Aniline to chlorobenzene

(ix) 2-Chlorobutane to 3, 4-dimethylhexane

(x) 2-Methyl-1-propene to 2-chloro-2-methylpropane

(xi) Ethyl chloride to propanoic acid

(xii) But-1-ene to n-butyliodide

(xiii) 2-Chloropropane to 1-propanol

(xiv) Isopropyl alcohol to iodoform

(xv) Chlorobenzene to p-nitrophenol

(xvi) 2-Bromopropane to 1-bromopropane

(xvii) Chloroethane to butane

(xviii) Benzene to diphenyl

(xix) tert-Butyl bromide to isobutyl bromide

(xx) Aniline to phenylisocyanide

Arrange each set of compounds in order of increasing boiling points.

(i) Bromomethane, Bromoform, Chloromethane, Dibromomethane.

(ii) 1-Chloropropane, Isopropyl chloride, 1-Chlorobutane.

What happens when

(i) n-butyl chloride is treated with alcoholic KOH,

(ii) bromobenzene is treated with Mg in the presence of dry ether,

(iii) chlorobenzene is subjected to hydrolysis,

(iv) ethyl chloride is treated with aqueous KOH,

(v) methyl bromide is treated with sodium in the presence of dry ether,

(vi) methyl chloride is treated with KCN.

Among the isomeric alkanes of molecular formula C₅H₁₂, identify the one that on photochemical chlorination yields

(i) A single monochloride.

(ii) Three isomeric monochlorides.

(iii) Four isomeric monochlorides.

Write structures of different dihalogen derivatives of propane.

Arrange the compounds of each set in order of reactivity towards SN2 displacement:

(i) 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 1-Bromopentane, 2-Bromopentane

(ii) 1-Bromo-3-methylbutane, 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 3-Bromo-2- methylbutane

(iii) 1-Bromobutane, 1-Bromo-2,2-dimethylpropane, 1-Bromo-2-methylbutane, 1-Bromo-3-methylbutane.

The treatment of alkyl chlorides with aqueous KOH leads to the formation of alcohols but in the presence of alcoholic KOH, alkenes are major products. Explain.

Primary alkyl halide C₄H₉Br (a) reacted with alcoholic KOH to give compound (b).Compound (b) is reacted with HBr to give (c) which is an isomer of (a). When (a) is reacted with sodium metal it gives compound (d), C₈H₁₈ which is different from the compound formed when n-butyl bromide is reacted with sodium. Give the structural formula of (a) and write the equations for all the reactions.

Which one of the following has the highest dipole moment?

(i) CH₂Cl₂

(ii) CHCl₃

(iii) CCl₄

Why is sulphuric acid not used during the reaction of alcohols with KI?

For the reaction R → P, the concentration of a reactant changes from 0.03 M to 0.02 M in 25 minutes. Calculate the average rate of reaction using units of time both in minutes and seconds.

Write the formulas for the following coordination compounds:

(i) Tetraamminediaquacobalt (III) chloride

(ii) Potassium tetracyanonickelate(II)

(iii) Tris(ethane-1,2-diamine) chromium(III) chloride

(iv) Amminebromidochloridonitrito-N-platinate(II)

(v) Dichloridobis(ethane-1,2-diamine)platinum(IV) nitrate

(vi) Iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II)

(i) Write structures of different isomeric amines corresponding to the molecular formula, C4H11N

(ii) Write IUPAC names of all the isomers.

(iii) What type of isomerism is exhibited by different pairs of amines?

Why are solids rigid?

Write any two characteristics of Chemisorption.

Write the structures of the following compounds.

(i) α-Methoxypropionaldehyde

(ii) 3-Hydroxybutanal

(iii) 2-Hydroxycyclopentane carbaldehyde

(iv) 4-Oxopentanal

(v) Di-sec-butyl ketone

(vi) 4-Fluoroacetophenone

Which of the ores mentioned in Table 6.1 can be concentrated by magnetic separation method?

Why are pentahalides more covalent than trihalides?

Silver atom has completely filled d orbitals (4d10) in its ground state. How can you say that it is a transition element?

Glucose or sucrose are soluble in water but cyclohexane or benzene (simple six membered ring compounds) are insoluble in water. Explain.

The rate of the chemical reaction doubles for an increase of 10 K in absolute temperature from 298 K. Calculate E_a.

Solid A is a very hard electrical insulator in solid as well as in molten state and melts at extremely high temperature. What type of solid is it?

Discuss the nature of bonding in metal carbonyls.

Can you use soaps and synthetic detergents to check the hardness of water?

Write structures of the products of the following reactions:

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

The molar conductivity of 0.025 mol L-1 methanoic acid is

46.1 S cm2 mol^-1.

Calculate its degree of dissociation and dissociation constant. Given λ⁰(H+)

= 349.6 S cm² mol^-1 and  λ⁰(HCOO^-) = 54.6 S cm² mol

Give examples and suggest reasons for the following features of the transition metal chemistry:

(i)The lowest oxide of transition metal is basic, the highest is amphoteric/acidic.

(ii)A transition metal exhibits highest oxidation state in oxides and fluorides.

(iii) The highest oxidation state is exhibited in oxoanions of a metal.

Mention the factors that affect the rate of a chemical reaction.

Classify the following solids in different categories based on the nature of intermolecular forces operating in them:
Potassium sulphate, tin, benzene, urea, ammonia, water, zinc sulphide, graphite, rubidium, argon, silicon carbide.

Write short notes on the following:

(i) Carbylamine reaction (ii) Diazotisation

(iii) Hofmann's bromamide reaction (iv) Coupling reaction

(v) Ammonolysis (vi) Acetylation

(vii) Gabriel phthalimide synthesis.