Why is the extraction of copper from pyrites more difficult than that from its oxide ore through reduction?
The Gibbs free energy of formation (ΔfG) of Cu2S is less than that of H2S and CS2. Therefore, H2 and C cannot reduce Cu2S to Cu.
On the other hand, the Gibbs free energy of formation of Cu2O is greater than that of CO. Hence, C can reduce Cu2O to Cu.
C(s) +Cu2O(s) → 2Cu(s) + CO(g)
Hence, the extraction of copper from its pyrite ore is difficult than from its oxide ore through reduction.
What is the significance of leaching in the extraction of aluminium?
Write down the reactions taking place in different zones in the blast furnace during the extraction of iron.
Copper can be extracted by hydrometallurgy but not zinc. Explain.
Outline the principles of refining of metals by the following methods:
(i) Zone refining
(ii) Electrolytic refining
(iii) Vapour phase refining
Name the common elements present in the anode mud in electrolytic refining of copper. Why are they so present ?
The reaction,
Cr2O3 + 2Al → Al2O3 + 2Cr (ΔGo = -421kJ)
is thermodynamically feasible as is apparent from the Gibbs energy value. Why does it not take place at room temperature?
How can you separate alumina from silica in bauxite ore associated with silica? Give equations, if any.
Write chemical reactions taking place in the extraction of zinc from zinc blende.
Describe a method for refining nickel.
Why copper matte is put in silica lined converter?
For the reaction R → P, the concentration of a reactant changes from 0.03 M to 0.02 M in 25 minutes. Calculate the average rate of reaction using units of time both in minutes and seconds.
Write the formulas for the following coordination compounds:
(i) Tetraamminediaquacobalt (III) chloride
(ii) Potassium tetracyanonickelate(II)
(iii) Tris(ethane-1,2-diamine) chromium(III) chloride
(iv) Amminebromidochloridonitrito-N-platinate(II)
(v) Dichloridobis(ethane-1,2-diamine)platinum(IV) nitrate
(vi) Iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II)
(i) Write structures of different isomeric amines corresponding to the molecular formula, C4H11N
(ii) Write IUPAC names of all the isomers.
(iii) What type of isomerism is exhibited by different pairs of amines?
Why are solids rigid?
Write any two characteristics of Chemisorption.
Write the structures of the following compounds.
(i) α-Methoxypropionaldehyde
(ii) 3-Hydroxybutanal
(iii) 2-Hydroxycyclopentane carbaldehyde
(iv) 4-Oxopentanal
(v) Di-sec-butyl ketone
(vi) 4-Fluoroacetophenone
Why are pentahalides more covalent than trihalides?
Silver atom has completely filled d orbitals (4d10) in its ground state. How can you say that it is a transition element?
Glucose or sucrose are soluble in water but cyclohexane or benzene (simple six membered ring compounds) are insoluble in water. Explain.
Write structures of the following compounds:
(i) 2-Chloro-3-methylpentane
(ii) 1-Chloro-4-ethylcyclohexane
(iii) 4-tert. Butyl-3-iodoheptane
(iv) 1,4-Dibromobut-2-ene
(v) 1-Bromo-4-sec. butyl-2-methylbenzene
What is meant by the chelate effect? Give an example.
Give four examples of heterogeneous catalysis.
Explain how does the -OH group attached to a carbon of benzene ring activate it towards electrophilic substitution?
In a pseudo first order hydrolysis of ester in water, the following results were obtained:
t/s | 0 | 30 | 60 | 90 |
[Ester]mol L - 1 |
0.55 | 0.31 | 0.17 | 0.085 |
(i) Calculate the average rate of reaction between the time interval 30 to 60 seconds.
(ii) Calculate the pseudo first order rate constant for the hydrolysis of ester.
Name the following halides according to IUPAC system and classify them as alkyl, allyl, benzyl (primary, secondary, tertiary), vinyl or aryl halides:
(i) (CH3)2CHCH(Cl)CH3
(ii) CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH(C2H5)Cl
(iii) CH3CH2C(CH3)2CH2I
(iv) (CH3)3CCH2CH(Br)C6H5
(v) CH3CH(CH3)CH(Br)CH3
(vi) CH3C(C2H5)2CH2Br
(vii) CH3C(Cl)(C2H5)CH2CH3
(viii) CH3CH=C(Cl)CH2CH(CH3)2
(ix) CH3CH=CHC(Br)(CH3)2
(x) p-ClC6H4CH2CH(CH3)2
(xi) m-ClCH2C6H4CH2C(CH3)3
(xii) o-Br-C6H4CH(CH3)CH2CH3
Amongst the following compounds, identify which are insoluble, partially soluble and highly soluble in water?
(i) phenol (ii) toluene (iii) formic acid (iv) ethylene glycol (v) chloroform (vi) pentanol.
A solution containing 30 g of non-volatile solute exactly in 90 g of water has a vapour pressure of 2.8 kPa at 298 K. Further, 18 g of water is then added to the solution and the new vapour pressure becomes 2.9 kPa at 298 K. Calculate:
1) Molar mass of the solute
2) Vapour pressure of water at 298 K.
If the density of some lake water is 1.25 g mL-1 and contains 92 g of Na+ ions per kg of water, calculate the molality of Na+ ions in the lake.
Give equations of the following reactions:
(i) Oxidation of propan-1-ol with alkaline KMnO4 solution.
(ii) Bromine in CS2 with phenol.
(iii) Dilute HNO3 with phenol.
(iv) Treating phenol with chloroform in presence of aqueous NaOH.
State Henry's law and mention some important applications?
The value of âfG â for formation of Cr2O3 is -540 KJ mol-1 and that of Al2O3 -827 KJ mol-1 . Is the reduction of Cr2O3 possible with Al ?
Ok partha,you try your best
Bahot hi aacha
Nice answer
Nice answer .could hav tried litle mich better