Class 11 Chemistry - Chapter Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure NCERT Solutions | Write the significance/applications of d

What is meant by the term bond order? Calculate the bond order of: N₂, O₂,O₂⁺,and O₂^-.

Use molecular orbital theory to explain why the Be2 molecule does not exist.

Explain the formation of H₂ molecule on the basis of valence bond theory.

Compare the relative stability of the following species and indicate their magnetic properties:

O₂,O₂⁺,O₂^- (superoxide), O₂^2-(peroxide)

Describe the hybridisation in case of PCl₅. Why are the axial bonds longer as compared to equatorial bonds?

Which out of NH₃ and NF₃ has higher dipole moment and why?

Explain why BeH₂ molecule has a zero dipole moment although the Be–H bonds are polar.

Discuss the shape of the following molecules using the VSEPR model:

BeCl₂, BCl₃, SiCl₄, AsF₅, H₂S, PH₃

Write Lewis symbols for the following atoms and ions:

S and S2–; Al and Al3+; H and H–

Describe the change in hybridisation (if any) of the Al atom in the following reaction.

How do you account for the formation of ethane during chlorination of methane?

What are hybridisation states of each carbon atom in the following compounds ?

(i) CH₂=C=O,

(ii) CH₃CH=CH₂,

(iii) (CH₃)₂CO,

(iv) CH₂=CHCN,

(v) C₆H₆

What will be the minimum pressure required to compress 500 dm³ of air at 1 bar to 200 dm³ at 30°C?

What are the common physical and chemical features of alkali metals?

Calculate the molecular mass of the following:
(i) H₂O
(ii) CO₂
(iii) CH₄

Assign oxidation number to the underlined elements in each of the following species:

(a) NaH₂PO₄

(b) NaHSO₄

(c) H₄P₂O₇

(d) K₂MnO₄

(e) CaO₂

(f) NaBH₄

(g) H₂S₂O₇

(h) KAl(SO₄)₂.12 H₂O

What is the basic theme of organisation in the periodic table?

Choose the correct answer. A thermodynamic state function is a quantity
(i) used to determine heat changes
(ii) whose value is independent of path
(iii) used to determine pressure volume work
(iv) whose value depends on temperature only.

A liquid is in equilibrium with its vapour in a sealed container at a fixed temperature. The volume of the container is suddenly increased.
a) What is the initial effect of the change on vapour pressure?
b) How do rates of evaporation and condensation change initially?
c) What happens when equilibrium is restored finally and what will be the final vapour pressure?

Justify the position of hydrogen in the periodic table on the basis of its electronic configuration.

An ion with mass number 56 contains 3 units of positive charge and 30.4% more neutrons than electrons. Assign the symbol to this ion.

What is the pH of 0.001 M aniline solution? The ionization constant of aniline can be taken from Table 7.7. Calculate the degree of ionization of aniline in the solution. Also calculate the ionization constant of the conjugate acid of aniline.

What do you mean by Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)?

Use the data given in the following table to calculate the molar mass of naturally occurring argon isotopes:

Explain tropospheric pollution in 100 words.

Beryllium and magnesium do not give colour to flame whereas other alkaline earth metals do so. Why?

Given

N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) → 2NH₃(g) ; Δ_rH⁰ = –92.4 kJ mol^–1

What is the standard enthalpy of formation of NH₃ gas?

Whenever a reaction between an oxidising agent and a reducing agent is carried out, a compound of lower oxidation state is formed if the reducing agent is in excess and a compound of higher oxidation state is formed if the oxidising agent is in excess. Justify this statement giving three illustrations.

What is the maximum number of emission lines when the excited electron of an H atom in n = 6 drops to the ground state?

Among the following pairs of orbitals which orbital will experience the larger effective nuclear charge?

(i) 2s and 3s,

(ii) 4d and 4f,

(iii) 3d and 3p