Class 12 Chemistry - Chapter Aldehydes Ketones and Carboxylic Acids NCERT Solutions | Although phenoxide ion has more number o

Welcome to the NCERT Solutions for Class 12th Chemistry - Chapter Aldehydes Ketones and Carboxylic Acids. This page offers a step-by-step solution to the specific question from Exercise 2, Question 20: although phenoxide ion has more number of resonati....
Question 20

Although phenoxide ion has more number of resonating structures than carboxylate ion, carboxylic acid is a stronger acid than phenol. Why?

Answer

Resonance structures of phenoxide ion are:

It can be observed from the resonance structures of phenoxide ion that in II, III and IV, less electronegative carbon atoms carry a negative charge. Therefore, these three structures contribute negligibly towards the resonance stability of the phenoxide ion. Hence, these structures can be eliminated. Only structures I and V carry a negative charge on the more electronegative oxygen atom.

Resonance structures of carboxylate ion are:

In the case of carboxylate ion, resonating structures I”² and II”² contain a charge carried by a more electronegative oxygen atom.

Further, in resonating structures I”² and II”², the negative charge is delocalized over two oxygen atoms. But in resonating structures I and V of the phexoxide ion, the negative charge is localized on the same oxygen atom. Therefore, the resonating structures of carboxylate ion contribute more towards its stability than those of phenoxide ion. As a result, carboxylate ion is more resonance-stabilized than phenoxide ion. Hence, carboxylic acid is a stronger acid than phenol.

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