Class 12 Biology - Chapter Human Health and Disease NCERT Solutions | Differentiate the following and give exa
Differentiate the following and give examples of each:
(a) Innate and acquired immunity
(b) Active and passive immunity
(a) Innate and acquired immunity
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Innate immunity |
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Acquired immunity |
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1. |
It is a non−pathogen specific type of defense mechanism. |
1. |
It is a pathogen specific type of defense mechanism. |
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2. |
It is inherited from parents and protects the individual since birth. |
2. |
It is acquired after the birth of an individual. |
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3. |
It operates by providing barriers against the entry of foreign infectious agents. |
3. |
It operates by producing primary and secondary responses, which are mediated by B−lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes. |
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4 |
It does not have a specific memory. |
4 |
It is characterized by an immunological memory. |
(b) Active and passive immunity
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Active immunity |
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Passive immunity |
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1. |
It is a type of acquired immunity in which the body produces its own antibodies against disease-causing antigens. |
1. |
It is a type of acquired immunity in which readymade antibodies are transferred from one individual to another. |
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2. |
It has a long lasting effect. |
2. |
It does not have long lasting effect. |
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3. |
It is slow. It takes time in producing antibodies and giving responses. |
3. |
It is fast. It provides immediate relief. |
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4. |
Injecting microbes through vaccination inside the body is an example of active immunity. |
4. |
Transfer of antibodies present in the mother’s milk to the infant is an example of passive immunity. |
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