Class 12 Biology - Chapter Evolution NCERT Solutions | Try to trace the various components of h
Try to trace the various components of human evolution (hint: brain size and function, skeletal structure, dietary preference, etc.)
The various components of human evolution are as follows.
(i) Brain capacity
(ii) Posture
iii. Food / dietary preference and other important features
|
|
Name |
Brain capacity |
Posture |
Food |
Features |
|
1. |
Dryopithecus africans |
--- |
Knuckle walker, walked similar to gorillas and chimpanzees (was more ape-like) |
Soft fruit and leaves |
Canines large, arms and legs are of equal size |
|
2. |
Ramapithecus |
--- |
Semi-erect (more man-like) |
Seeds, nuts |
Canines were small while molars were large. |
|
3. |
Australopithecus africanus |
450 cm3 |
Full erect posture, height (1.05 m) |
Herbivorous (ate fruits) |
Hunted with stone weapons, lived at trees, canines and incisors were small |
|
4. |
Homo habilis |
735cm3 |
Fully erect posture, height (1.5 m) |
Carnivorous |
Canines were small. They were first tool makers. |
|
5. |
Homo erectus |
800-1100 cm3 |
Fully erect posture, height(1.5-1.8 m ) |
Omnivorous |
They used stone and bone tools for hunting games. |
|
6. |
Homo neanderthalnsis |
1300-1600 cm3 |
Fully erect posture, height (1.5-1.66 m) |
Omnivorous |
Cave dwellers, used hides to protect their bodies, and buried their dead |
|
7. |
Homo sapiens fossilis |
1650 cm3 |
Fully erect posture with height (1.8 m) |
Omnivorous |
They had strong jaw with teeth close together. They were cave dwellers, made paintings and carvings in the caves. They developed a culture and were called first modern men. |
|
8. |
Homo sapiens sapiens |
1200-1600 cm3 |
Fully erect posture, height (1.5-1.8 m ) |
Omnivorous |
They are the living modern men, with high intelligence. They developed art, culture, language, speech, etc. They cultivated crops and domesticated animals. |
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- Q:-
Practise drawing various animals and plants.
- Q:- Using various resources such as your school library or the internet and discussions with your teacher, trace the evolutionary stages of any one animal say horse.
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- Q:- Find out from newspapers and popular science articles any new fossil discoveries or controversies about evolution.
- Q:- Find out through internet and popular science articles whether animals other than man have self-consciousness.
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