Class 12 Biology - Chapter Evolution NCERT Solutions | Try to trace the various components of h

Name

Brain capacity

Posture

Food

Features

1.

Dryopithecus africans

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Knuckle walker,

walked similar to gorillas and chimpanzees (was more ape-like)

Soft fruit and leaves

Canines large, arms and legs are of equal size

2.

Ramapithecus

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Semi-erect (more man-like)

Seeds, nuts

Canines were small while molars were large.

3.

Australopithecus africanus

450 cm³

Full erect posture, height (1.05 m)

Herbivorous (ate fruits)

Hunted with stone weapons, lived at trees, canines and incisors were small

4.

Homo habilis

735cm³

Fully erect posture, height (1.5 m)

Carnivorous

Canines were small. They were first tool makers.

5.

Homo erectus

800-1100 cm³

Fully erect posture, height(1.5-1.8 m )

Omnivorous

They used stone and bone tools for hunting games.

6.

Homo neanderthalnsis

1300-1600 cm³

Fully erect posture, height (1.5-1.66 m)

Omnivorous

Cave dwellers, used hides to protect their bodies, and buried their dead

7.

Homo sapiens fossilis

1650 cm³

Fully erect posture with height (1.8 m)

Omnivorous

They had strong jaw with teeth close together. They were cave dwellers, made paintings and carvings in the caves. They developed a culture and were called first modern men.

8.

Homo sapiens sapiens

1200-1600 cm³

Fully erect posture, height (1.5-1.8 m )

Omnivorous

They are the living modern men, with high intelligence. They developed art, culture, language, speech, etc. They cultivated crops and domesticated animals.