Class 11 Biology - Chapter Cell: The Unit of Life NCERT Solutions | Describe the structure of the following
Describe the structure of the following with the help of labelled diagrams.
(i) Nucleus
(ii) Centrosome
(i) Nucleus
Nucleus controls all the cellular activities of the cell. It is spherical in shape. It is composed of the following structures:
Nuclear membrane: It is a double membrane separating the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm. The narrow space between the two membranes is called the perinuclear space. Nuclear membrane has tiny holes called nuclear pores. These holes allow specific substances to be transferred into a nucleus and out from it.
Nucleoplasm/Nuclear matrix: It is a homogenous granular fluid present inside the nucleus. It contains the nucleolus and chromatin. Nucleolus is a spherical structure that is not bound by any membrane. It is rich in protein and RNA molecules, and is the site for ribosome formation. Chromatin is an entangled mass of thread-like structures. It contains DNA and some basic proteins called histones.
(ii) Centrosome
Centrosome consists of two cylindrical structures called centrioles. Centrioles lie perpendicular to each other. Each has a cartwheel-like organisation.
A centriole is made up of microtubule triplets that are evenly spaced in a ring. The adjacent triplets are linked together. There is a proteinaceous hub in the central part of a centriole. The hub is connected to the triplets via radial spokes. These centrioles help in organising the spindle fibres and astral rays during cell division. They form the basal body of cilia and flagella as well.
More Questions From Class 11 Biology - Chapter Cell: The Unit of Life
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Name two cell-organelles that are double membrane bound. What are the characteristics of these two organelles? State their functions and draw labelled diagrams of both.
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Multicellular organisms have division of labour. Explain.
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What is a centromere? How does the position of centromere form the basis of classification of chromosomes. Support your answer with a diagram showing the position of centromere on different types of chromosomes.
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What are nuclear pores? State their function.
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How do neutral solutes move across the plasma membrane? Can the polar molecules also move across it in the same way? If not, then how are these transported across the membrane?
- Q:-
What are the characteristics of prokaryotic cells?
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