Class 12 Biology - Chapter Biotechnology Principles and Process NCERT Solutions | Describe briefly the followings: (a) Ori
Describe briefly the followings:
(a) Origin of replication
(b) Bioreactors
(c) Downstream processing
(a) Origin of replication −Origin of replication is defined as the DNA sequence in a genome from where replication initiates. The initiation of replication can be either uni-directional or bi-directional. A protein complex recognizes the ‘on’ site, unwinds the two strands, and initiates the copying of the DNA.
(b) Bioreactors − Bioreactors are large vessels used for the large-scale production of biotechnology products from raw materials. They provide optimal conditions to obtain the desired product by providing the optimum temperature, pH, vitamin, oxygen, etc. Bioreactors have an oxygen delivery system, a foam control system, a PH, a temperature control system, and a sampling port to obtain a small volume of culture for sampling.
(c) Downstream processing − Downstream processing is a method of separation and purification of foreign gene products after the completion of the biosynthetic stage. The product is subjected to various processes in order to separate and purify the product. After downstream processing, the product is formulated and is passed through various clinical trials for quality control and other tests.
More Questions From Class 12 Biology - Chapter Biotechnology Principles and Process
- Q:- Can you list 10 recombinant proteins which are used in medical practice? Find out where they are used as therapeutics (use the internet).
- Q:- What would be the molar concentration of human DNA in a human cell? Consult your teacher.
- Q:- Do eukaryotic cells have restriction endonucleases? Justify your answer.
- Q:- Besides better aeration and mixing properties, what other advantages do stirred tank bioreactors have over shake flasks?
- Q:- Can you think and answer how a reporter enzyme can be used to monitor transformation of host cells by foreign DNA in addition to a selectable marker?
- Q:- Explain briefly
(a) PCR
(b) Restriction enzymes and DNA
(c) Chitinase - Q:- From what you have learnt, can you tell whether enzymes are bigger or DNA is bigger in molecular size? How did you know?
- Q:- Discuss with your teacher and find out how to distinguish between
(a) Plasmid DNA and chromosomal DNA
(b) RNA and DNA
(c) Exonuclease and Endonuclease - Q:- Collect 5 examples of palindromic DNA sequences by consulting your teacher. Better try to create a palindromic sequence by following base-pair rules.
- Q:- Make a chart (with diagrammatic representation) showing a restriction enzyme, the substrate DNA on which it acts, the site at which it cuts DNA and the product it produces.
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Fill in the blanks:
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