Class 11 Accountancy - Chapter Financial Statements - 1 NCERT Solutions | What is meant by Grouping and Marshallin
What is meant by Grouping and Marshalling of assets and liabilities. Explain the ways in which a balance sheet may be marshalled.
Grouping In a balance sheet, assets and liabilities should be properly grouped and classified under appropriate headings. The individual balance of each Debtors and Creditors account need not be shown. Debtors and creditors should be shown in total. The grouping together of dissimilar assets will make the balance sheet misleading. Hence, it can be said that grouping means putting together the items of similar nature under a common heading.
Marshalling The term marshalling means the order in which assets and liabilities are stated on the balance sheet as the balance sheet exhibits the financial position of a concern even to a non-technical observer. It is of great importance that the different assets and liabilities should be arranged in the balance sheet on certain principles. The balance sheet is generally marshalled in three ways.
(i) The order of Liquidity or Realisability According to this method, assets are entered up in the balance sheet following the order in which they can be converted into cash and the liabilities in the order in which they can be paid off. The following is a format of a balance sheet based on this order.
(ii) The order of Performance This method is the reverse of the first method. Under this method, the assets are stated according to their permanency, i.e., permanent assets are shown first and less permanent are shown one after another. Similarly, the fixed liabilities are stated first and the floating liabilities follow. The following is a specimen of a balance sheet based on this order.
(iii) Mixed Order of Arrangement This method is the combination of the first two methods. Under this method, the assets are arranged in order realisability and liabilities are arranged in order of performance.
- The first method is adopted by sole proprietors, firms and partnership concerns.
- The second method is adopted by companies and the third method is adopted by banking concerns.
More Questions From Class 11 Accountancy - Chapter Financial Statements - 1
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Distinguish between capital and revenue expenditure and state whether the following statements are items of capital or revenue expenditure :
(a) Expenditure incurred on repairs and whitewashing at the time of purchase of an old building in order to make it usable.
(b) Expenditure incurred to provide one more exit in a cinema hall in compliance with a government order.
(c) Registration fees paid at the time of purchase of a building.
(d) Expenditure incurred in the maintenance of a tea garden which will produce tea after four years.
(e) Depreciation charged on a plant.
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(g) Advertising expenditure, the benefits of which will last for four years. - Q:-
Choose the correct chronological order of ascertainment of the following profits from the profit and loss account :
(i) Operating Profit, Net Profit, Gross Profit
(ii) Operating Profit, Gross Profit, Net Profit
(iii) Gross Profit, Operating Profit, Net Profit
(iv) Gross Profit, Net Profit, Operating Profit - Q:-
Match the items given under ‘A’ with the correct items under ‘B’
(i) Closing stock is credited to (a) Trial balance
(ii) Accuracy of book of account is tested by (b) Trading account
(iii) On returning the goods to seller, the buyer sends (c) Credit note
(iv) The financial position is determined by (d) Balance sheet
(v) On receiving the returned goods from the (e) Debit note
buyer, the seller sends - Q:-
While calculating operating profit, the following are not taken into account.
(i) Normal transactions
(ii) Abnormal items
(iii) Expenses of a purely financial nature
(iv) (ii) & (iii)
(v) (i) & (iii) - Q:-
Choose the correct option in the following questions :
The financial statements consist of:
(i) Trial balance
(ii) Profit and loss account
(iii) Balance sheet
(iv) (i) & (iii)
(v) (ii) & (iii) - Q:-
State True or False :
(i) Gross profit is total revenue.
(ii) In trading and profit and loss account, opening stock appears on the debit side because it forms the part of the cost of sales for the current accounting year.
(iii) Rent, rates and taxes is an example of direct expenses.
(iv) If the total of the credit side of the profit and loss account is more than the total of the debit side, the difference is the net profit. - Q:-
What are closing entries? Give four examples of closing entries.
- Q:-
Which of the following is correct :
(i) Operating Profit = Operating profit – Non-operating expenses – Non-operating incomes
(ii) Operating profit = Net profit + Non-operating Expenses + Non-operating incomes
(iii) Operating profit = Net profit + Non-operating Expenses – Non-operating incomes
(iv) Operating profit = Net profit – Non-operating Expenses + Non-operating incomes - Q:-
Explain the concept of cost of goods sold?
- Q:-
What is a balance sheet. What are its characteristics?
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