Explain how common size statements are prepared giving an example.
Common size statements can be classified into two broad categories
(i) Common Size Income Statements
(ii) Common Size Balance Sheet
Common Size Statement is prepared in a columnar form for analysis. In a Common Size Statement, each item of the financial statements is compared to a common item. The analyses based on these statements are commonly known as Vertical Analysis. The following are the columns prepared in a Common Size Statement
(a) Particulars Column:This column shows the various financial items under their respective heads.
(b) Amount Columns :These columns depict the amount of each item, sub-totals and the gross total of a particular year.
(c) Percentage or Ratio Columns :These columns show the proportion of each item to the common item either in terms of percentage or ratio. The Common Size Statements can be presented in the following two ways. Method 1 Percentage column is shown beside the amount column of the year to which percentage column belongs.
Method 2 Amount columns are shown first and their percentage columns are shown after the amount columns.
Example :From the following information provided by Alfa Limited Prepare the Common Size Statements.
Explain the usefulness of trend percentages in interpretation of financial performance of a company.
What do you understand by analysis and interpretation of financial statements? Discuss its importance.
Describe the different techniques of financial analysis and explain the limitations of financial analysis.
What is the importance of comparative statements? Illustrate youranswer with particular reference to comparative income statement.
What do you mean by Common Size Statements?
List the techniques of Financial Statement Analysis.
State the importance of Financial Analysis?
What are Comparative Financial Statements?
State the meaning of Analysis and Interpretation.
Distinguish between Vertical and Horizontal Analysis of financial data.
What do you mean by Ratio Analysis?
State the meaning of financial statement analysis?
What does a Bearer Debenture mean?
What are various types of ratios?
What are limitations of financial statement analysis?
State the meaning of ‘Debentures issued as a collateral security’.
What relationships will be established to study?
(a) Inventory Turnover (b) Debtor Turnover
(c) Payables Turnover (d) Working Capital Turnover
List any three objectives of analysing financial statements?
What is meant by ‘Issue of debentures for consideration other than cash’?
The current ratio provides a better measure of overall liquidity only when a
firm’s inventory cannot easily be converted into cash. If inventory is liquid, the
quick ratio is a preferred measure of overall liquidity. Explain.
What relationships will be established to study?
(a) Inventory Turnover (b) Debtor Turnover
(c) Payables Turnover (d) Working Capital Turnover
State the importance of financial statements to
(i) shareholders
(ii) creditors
(iii) government
(iv) investors
Prepare the format of balance sheet and explain the various elements of balance sheet.
How will you disclose the following items in the Balance Sheet of a company;
(i) Loose tools
(ii) Uncalled liability on partly paid-up shares
(iii) Debentures redemption reserve
(iv) Mastheads and publishing titles (v) 10% debentures
(vi) Proposed dividend
(vii) Share forfeited account
(viii) Capital redemtion reserve
(ix) Mining rights
(x) Work-in-progress
Describe the steps for creating Sinking Fund for redemption of debentures.
Explain the different terms for the issue of debentures with reference to their redemption.
The average age of inventory is viewed as the average length of time inventory is held by the firm or as the average number of days’ sales in inventory. Why?
Name the head under which ‘discount on issue of debentures’ appears in the balance sheet of a company.