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(i) (b) Both the area of departure and arrival
(ii) (a) High birth rates
(iii) (b) The number of persons added each year
(iv) (a) Can read and write his/her name
(i) The family planning programme helped in increasing the awareness about the benefits of having the smaller family size. This helped in reducing the population growth rate in India since 1981.
(ii) Birth rate, death rate and migration are the three major components of population growth. A higher birth rate; coupled with a lower death rate leads to population growth curve. International migration can lead to population growth of more number of people that are coming from other countries i.e. immigrants than the number of people going outside the country i.e. emigrants.
(iii) Age structure: refers to the number of people in different age groups in that population showing pre- reproductive, reproductive and post reproductive.
Death rate: also called mortality; the number of death per thousand persons in a year.
Birth rate: also called natality; the number of live birth per thousand person in a year.
(iv) Migration is the movement of people across regions and territories i.e. from one place to another. It is a determination factor of population changes as it changes the size and composition of both the areas of departure and arrival.
Development is related to the occupational structure of the population of the country. Countries are less developed where the higher percentage of population is involved in the primary occupations like agriculture, animal husbandry forestry and fishing etc. As development happens then more people move into secondary occupations like manufacturing. In the highly developed societies, there are a high percentage of people involved in tertiary occupations like banking, commerce, transport and administration etc.
A healthy population helps in building a productive and developing workforce for the country. Even the non-productive age group needs to be healthy to reduce or overcome the burden of healthcare. Healthy children would grow into the healthy adults and would be able to contribute well in the economy. Healthy elders would mean less strain on the resources.
The national population policy 2000 provides a policy framework for following features:
. Imparting free and compulsory school education up to 14 years of age.
. Reducing infant mortality rate to below 30 per 1000 live births.
. promoting delayed marriage and child bearing
. Making family welfare a people-centred programme.
. providing nutritional services and food supplements to adolescents.
. making contraceptive services accessible and affordable.
. achieving universal immunization of children against all vaccine- preventable diseases.
. protecting adolescents from unwanted pregnancies and sexually- transmitted disease, and educating them about the risks of unprotected sex.
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