Kerala, with lower per capita income has a better human development ranking
than Haryana. Hence, per capita income is not a useful criterion at all and should
not be used to compare states. Do you agree? Discuss.
The Per capita income is not a useful criterion at all and comparison of states not based on it due to reasons as mentioned below : All the goods and services cannot be bought by money that we need for well being. Income is not a adequate indicator of material goods and services that are used by the citizens. Pollution-free environment in a colony cannot be maintained between rich people unless preventive steps are taken by the whole community. Sometimes, collective services like security is better for the whole locality than the security for one’s own house. Again opening of a school for the children of the whole community than for one or two children of a rich person. Human development ranking in Kerela is better than Punjab. Infant Mortality Rate is 11 in Kerela while 49 in Punjab, whereas the per capita income is much more in punjab than Kerala. It is 26000 in Punjab whereas it is 22800 in Kerala. It is because Kerala has adequate basic health and educational facilities.Similarly in some states, the functioning of Public Distribution System (PDS)is smooth and ration is given regularly to the people whereas in some states the functioning of ration shops is not proper. At such places, a shortage of grains faced by people that affect their health. Thus it is clear that the comparison of states should not be made on the basis of per capita income.
The following table shows the proportion of adults (aged 15-49 years) whose BMI
is below normal (BMI <18.5 kg/m2) in India. It is based on a survey of various
states for the year 2015-16. Look at the table and answer the following questions.
(i) Compare the nutritional level of people in Kerala and Madhya Pradesh.
(ii) Can you guess why around one-fifth of people in the country are undernourished even though it is argued that there is enough food in the country? Describe in your own words.
Why is the issue of sustainability important for development?
For each of the items given in Table 1.6, find out which country is at the top and
which is at the bottom.
“The Earth has enough resources to meet the needs of all but not enough to
satisfy the greed of even one person”. How is this statement relevant to the
disscusion of development? Discuss.
Why do we use averages? Are there any limitations to their use? Illustrate with
your own examples related to development.
What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? What are the limitations of this criterion, if any?
List a few examples of environmental degradation that you may have observed
around you.
Which of the following neighbouring countries has better performance in terms of
human development than India?
(i) Bangladesh
(ii) Sri Lanka
(iii) Nepal
(iv) Pakistan
Assume there are four families in a country. The average per capita income of
these families is Rs 5000. If the income of three families is Rs 4000, Rs 7000
and Rs 3000 respectively, what is the income of the fourth family?
(i) Rs 7500
(ii) Rs 3000
(iii) Rs 2000
(iv) Rs 6000
Development of a country can generally be determined by
(i) its per capita income
(ii) its average literacy level
(iii) health status of its people
(iv) all the above
Fill in the blanks using the correct option given in the bracket:
(i) Employment in the service sector _________ increased to the same extent as production. (has / has not)
(ii) Workers in the _________ sector do not produce goods. (tertiary agricultural) (iii) Most of the workers in the _________ sector enjoy job security. (organised / unorganised)
(iv) A _________ proportion of labourers in India are working in the unorganised sector. (large / small)
(v) Cotton is a _________ product and cloth is a _________ product. (natural / manufactured)
(vi) The activities in primary, secondary and tertiary sectors are _________. (independent / interdependent)
In situations with high risks, credit might create further problems for the borrower. Explain?
What do you understand by globalisation? Explain in your own words.
Why are rules and regulations required in the marketplace? Illustrate with a few examples.
Choose the most appropriate answer.
(a) The sectors are classified into public and private sector on the basis of:
(i) employment conditions
(ii) the nature of economic activity
(iii) ownership of enterprises
(iv) number of workers employed in the enterprise
(b) Production of a commodity, mostly through the natural process, is an activity in ______________ sector.
(i) primary
(ii) secondary
(iii) tertiary
(iv) information technology
(c) GDP is the total value of _____________ produced during a particular year.
(i) all goods and services
(ii) all final goods and services
(iii) all intermediate goods and services
(iv) all intermediate and final goods and services
(d) In terms of GDP the share of tertiary sector in 2003 is _________
(i) between 20 per cent to 30 per cent
(ii) between 30 per cent to 40 per cent
(iii) between 50 per cent to 60 per cent
(iv) 70 per cent
How does money solve the problem of double coincidence of wants? Explain with example of your own.
What was the reason for putting barriers to foreign trade and foreign investment by the Indian government? Why did it wish to remove these barriers?
What factors gave birth to the consumer movement in India? Trace its evolution?
Match the following:
S/No. |
Problems faced by farming sector |
S/No. |
Some possible measures |
|
Unirrigated land |
|
Setting up agro-based mills |
|
Low prices for crops |
|
Cooperative marketing societies |
|
Debt burden |
|
Procurement of food grains by government |
|
No job in the off season |
|
Construction of canals by the government |
|
Compelled to sell their grains to the local traders soon after harvest |
|
Banks to provide credit with low interest |
How do banks mediate between those who have surplus money and those who need money?
Give a few examples of public sector activities and explain why the government
has taken them up.
Mention some of the rights of consumers and write a few sentences on each?
Globalisation will continue in the future. Can you imagine what the world would be like twenty years from now? Give reasons for your answer.
In India, about 80 percent of farmers are small farmers, who need cultivation.
(a) Why might banks be unwilling to lend to small farmers? (b) What are the other sources from which the small farmers can borrow? (c) Explain with an example of how the terms of credit can be unfavorable for the small farmer.
(d) Suggest some ways by which small farmers can get cheap credit.
What are the reasons why the banks might not be willing to lend to certain borrowers?
In what ways does the Reserve Bank of India supervise the functioning of banks? Why is this necessary?
What legal measures were taken by the government to empower the consumers in India?
Match the following.
(i) |
Availing details of ingredients of a product |
(a) |
Right to safety |
(ii) |
Agmark |
(b) |
Dealing with consumer cases |
(iii) |
Accident due to faulty engine in a scooter |
(c) |
Certification of edible oil and cereals |
(iv) |
District Consumer Court |
(d) |
Agency that develops standards for goods and services |
(v) |
Consumers International |
(e) |
Right to information |
(vi) |
Bureau of Indian Standards |
(f) |
Global level institution of consumer welfare organisations |
Suppose you buy a bottle of honey and a biscuit packet. Which logo or mark you will have to look for and why?
How are the activities in the economy classified on the basis of employment conditions?