The rich and powerful construct large houses today. In what ways were the constructions of kings and their courtiers different in the past?
The construction of kings were done over a large area grounds with especial raw materials like red stone, marble, diamonds etc.
- On the other hand, buildings hand plans for the water system, tanks and gardens.
- The directions were of special considerations. For example, placing of throne in diwan-I khas in the west direction.
- The new innovations were always welcomed in the constructions by kings. For example pietra-dura
- Buildings made by kings often had fusion of regional architecture such as gujrati, rajasthani and bangle domes.
- It can be assumed the building of nobles must not have had such features.
What role did the Yamuna play in the layout of the new Mughal city at Shahjahanabad?
What is a shikhara?
An inscription in Shah Jahan’s diwan-i khas in Delhi stated: “If there is Paradise on Earth, it is here, it is here, it is here.” How was this image created?
How is the “trabeate” principle of architecture different from the “arcuate”?
What are the elements of a Mughal chahar bagh garden?
What is pietra-dura?
How did a temple communicate the importance of a king?
Look at Figure 4. How could that building be constructed faster today?
How did the Mughal court suggest that everyone – the rich and the poor, the powerful and the weak – received justice equally from the emperor?
Who was considered a “foreigner” in the past?
Match the following:
Gurjara-Pratiharas Western Deccan
Rashtrakutas Bengal
Palas Gujarat and Rajasthan
Cholas Tamil Nadu
Which ruler first established his or her capital at Delhi?
Match the following:
mansab Marwar
Mongol governor
Sisodiya Rajput Uzbeg
Rathor Rajput Mewar
Nur Jahan rank
subadar Jahangir
Fill in the blanks:
(a) The Rajarajeshvara temple was built in ———.
(b) Ajmer is associated with the Sufi saint ————.
(c) Hampi was the capital of the ———— Empire.
(d) The Dutch established a settlement at ———— in Andhra Pradesh.
Match the following:
garh khel
tanda chaurasi
labourer caravan
clan Garha Katanga
Sib Singh Ahom state
Durgawati paik
The Buddha namghar
Shankaradeva worship of Vishnu
Nizamuddin Auliya questioned social differences
Nayanars Sufi saint
Alvars worship of Shiva
Anantavarman Kerala
Jagannatha Bengal
Mahodayapuram Orissa
Lilatilakam Kangra
Mangalakavya Puri
Miniature Kerala
Match the following:
subadar a revenue farmer
faujdar a high noble
ijaradar provincial governor
misl Maratha peasant warriors
chauth a Mughal military commander
kunbis a band of Sikh warriors
umara tax levied by the Marathas
State whether true or false:
(a) We do not find inscriptions for the period after 700.
(b) The Marathas asserted their political importance during this period.
(c) Forest-dwellers were sometimes pushed out of their lands with the spread of agricultural settlements.
(d) Sultan Ghiyasuddin Balban controlled Assam, Manipur and Kashmir.
What were the major teachings of Baba Guru Nanak?
How was the administration of the Ahom state organised?
What were the policies adopted by Asaf Jah to strengthen his position?
What was the impact of the Mongol invasions on the Delhi Sultanate?
What was the language of administration under the Delhi Sultans?
What did the new dynasties do to gain acceptance?
How did the Rashtrakutas become powerful?
What were some of the major religious developments during this period?
What kinds of exchanges took place between nomadic pastoralists and settled agriculturists?
How do historians divide the past into periods? Do they face any problems in doing so?