List 3 ways in which the lives of farmers and herders would have been different from that of hunter-gatherers.
The lives of farmers and herders were different from hunter-gatherers in the following ways:
Settled Life – Farmers and herders stayed in one place for a longer time because they needed to look after their crops and animals. In contrast, hunter-gatherers moved from place to place in search of food.
Food Supply – Farmers grew their own food like grains, while herders took care of animals like goats and sheep for milk and meat. Hunter-gatherers relied on hunting animals and gathering wild fruits and plants.
Storage of Food – Farmers could store food they grew, like grains, for later use. Hunter-gatherers couldn’t store food easily because they were always moving and depended on what they found daily.
This made the lives of farmers and herders more stable compared to the wandering life of hunter-gatherers.
1. Complete the sentences:
(a) Hunter-gatherers chose to live in caves and rock shelters because ————————.
(b) Grasslands developed around ———————— years ago.
Why do people who grow crops have to stay in the same place for a long time?
List three ways in which hunter-gatherers used fire (see page 15). Would you use fire for any of these purposes today?
Why do archaeologists think that many people who lived in Mehrgarh were hunters to start with and that herding became more important later?
Why did the hunter-gatherers travel from place to place? In what ways are these similar to/different from the reasons for which we travel today?
Match the following
Stupa Place where the image of the deity is installed
Shikhara Mound
Mandapa Circular path around the stupa
Garbhagriha Place in temples where people could assemble
Pradakshina patha Tower
Match the following:
Narmada Valley The first big kingdom
Magadha Hunting and gathering
Garo hills Cities about 2500 years ago
Indus and its tributaries Early agriculture
Ganga Valley The first cities
How do archaeologists know that cloth was used in the Harappan civilisation?
Match the columns
Sukta Stone boulder
Chariots Sacrifice
Yajna Well-said
Dasa Used in battles
Megalith Slave
Describe the ways in which the Buddha tried to spread his message to the people.
Make a list of the occupations of the people who lived within the Mauryan empire.
Fill in the blanks:
(a) ———————— was a word used for large landowners in Tamil.
(b) The gramabhojaka often got his land cultivated by the ————————
(c) Ploughmen were known as ———————— in Tamil.
(d) Most grihapatis were ———————— landowners.
Match the following:
Muvendar Mahayana Buddhism
Lords of the dakshinapatha Buddhacharita
Ashvaghosha Satavahana rulers
Bodhisattvas Chinese pilgrim
Xuan Zang Cholas, Cheras and Pandyas
1. State whether true or false:
(a) Harishena composed a prashasti in praise of Gautamiputra Shri Satakarni.
(b) The rulers of Aryavarta brought tribute for Samudragupta.
(c) There were twelve rulers in Dakshinapatha.
(d) Taxila and Madurai were important centres under the control of the Gupta rulers.
(e) Aihole was the capital of the Pallavas.
(f) Local assemblies functioned for several centuries in south India.
Fill in the blanks:
(a) ———————— was a great astronomer.
(b) Stories about gods and goddesses are found in the ————————
(c) ———————— is recognised as the author of the Sanskrit Ramayana.
(d) ———————— and ———————— are two Tamil epics.
Why do you think ordinary people were attracted to Bhakti?
Discuss the reasons why the Chinese pilgrims came to India.
What kinds of evidence do historians use to find out about trade and trade routes?
What kind of evidence from burials do archaeologists use to find out whether there were social differences amongst those who were buried?
Find out more and tell a story from one of the epics.
Do you think it would have been easy for slaves to join the sangha? Give reasons for your answer.
How do archaeologists know that cloth was used in the Harappan civilisation?
Why do you think Anagha’s mother wanted her to know the story of the Buddha?
Mention three authors who wrote about Harshavardhana.
Match the following
Stupa Place where the image of the deity is installed
Shikhara Mound
Mandapa Circular path around the stupa
Garbhagriha Place in temples where people could assemble
Pradakshina patha Tower