State different forms of communal politics with one example each.
Different forms of communal politics are as given below:
Everyday beliefs: Religious prejudices, stereotypes of religious communities, and belief in the superiority of one’s religion are so rare that we often did not recognise them even when we believe in it. For example In many regions, the members of lower classes are not allowed to enter the temples . Majoritarian dominance: A majority community tries to dominate minority communities in politics. This may compel to formation of a separate political unit by minority community. For example, in Sri Lanka, majoritarianism has been followed which has led to conflict in the country. Political mobilization on religious lines: Religious appeals are made to attract the voters. In politics, sacred symbols and religious leaders are also used sometimes to bring the followers of one religion together. Religious leaders are asked to move in favour of a political party. Communal violence: Sometimes communalism takes the ugliest form of communal violence, riots, and massacre. At time of partition, India and Pakistan suffered the worst communal riots. Even after independence, communal riots have taken place in India.
State how caste inequalities are still continuing in India.
State two reasons to say that caste alone cannot determine election results in India.
What is the status of women’s representation in India’s legislative bodies?
When we speak of gender divisions, we usually refer to:
(a) Biological difference between men and women
(b) Unequal roles assigned by the society to men and women
(c) Unequal child sex ratio
(d) Absence of voting rights for women in democracies
Mention different aspects of life in which women are discriminated or disadvantaged in India.
Mention any two constitutional provisions that make India a secular state.
Which among the following statements about India’s Constitution is wrong? It
(a) prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion.
(b) gives official status to one religion.
(c) provides to all individuals freedom to profess any religion.
(d) ensures equality of citizens within religious communities.
Match List I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the Lists:
List I List II
(i) A person who believes A. Communalist in equal rights and opportunities for women and men.
(ii) A person who says that B. Feminist religion is the principal basis of the community.
(iii) A person who thinks C. Secularist that caste is the principal basis of community.
(iv) A person who does not D. Castiest discriminate against others on the basis of religious beliefs.
(a) (i) – B; (ii) – C; (iii) – A; (iv) – D
(b) (i) – B; (ii) – A; (iii) – D (iv) – C
(c) (i) – D; (ii) – C; (iii) – A (iv) – B
(d) (i) – C; (ii) – A; (iii) – B (iv) – D
Social divisions based on _________ are peculiar to India.
In India seats are reserved for women in
(a) Lok Sabha
(b) State legislative assemblies
(c) Cabinets
(d) Panchayati Raj bodies
In what ways do pressure groups and movements exert influence on politics?
State the various functions political parties perform in a democracy.
How does democracy produce an accountable, responsive and legitimate government?
Writing your own definition of a good democracy.
What are the different forms of power-sharing in modern democracies? Give an example of each of these.
Locate the following States on a blank outline political map of India:
Manipur, Sikkim, Chhattisgarh and Goa.
Discuss three factors that determine the outcomes of politics of social divisions.
Describe the forms of relationship between pressure groups and political parties?
What are the various challenges faced by political parties?
What are the conditions under which democracies accommodate social diversities?
Features of a democracy.
State one prudential reason and one moral reason for power-sharing with an example from the Indian context. [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Match List I (organisations and struggles) with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
List I |
List II |
||
1. |
Congress Party |
A. |
National Democratic Alliance |
2. |
Bharatiya Janta Party |
B. |
State Party |
3. |
Communist Party of India (Marxist) |
C. |
United Progressive Alliance |
4. |
Telugu Desam Party |
D. |
Left Front |
Consider the following statements about power sharing arrangements in Belgium and Sri Lanka :
A. In Belgium the Dutch-speaking majority people tried to impose their domination on the minority French speaking community.
B. In Sri Lanka the policies of the government ensured the dominance of the Sinhala speaking majority.
C. The Tamils in Sri Lanka demanded a federal arrangement of power sharingto protect their culture, language and equality of opportunity in education and jobs.
D. The transformation of Belgium from unitary government to a federal one prevented a possible division of the country on linguistic lines.
Which of the statements given are correct ?
(a) A, B, C and D
(b) A, B, and D
(c) C and D
(d) B, C and D
Among the following, which country suffered disintegration due to political fights on the basis of religious and ethnic identities?
(a) Belgium (b) India (c) Yugoslavia (d) Netherlands
Consider the following two statements on power-sharing and select the answer using codes given below:
A. Power sharing is good for democracy.
B. It helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups.
Which of the statements are true and false?
(a) A is true but B is false
(b) Both A and B are true
(c) Both A and B are false
(d) A is false but B is true
A group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government is called a _____________________.
Writing your own definition of a good democracy.
Consider the following three statements.
A. Social divisions take place when social differences overlap.
B. It is possible that a person can have multiple identities.
C. Social divisions exist in only big countries like India.
Which of the statements is/are correct?
(a) A, B and C (b) A and B (c) B and C (d) Only C
How do social divisions affect politics? Give two examples.