Match structures given in Column I with functions given in Column II.
Column I Column II
(i) Stomata (a) Absorption of water
(ii) Xylem (b) Transpiration
(iii) Root hairs (c) Transport of food
(iv) Phloem (d) Transport of water
(e) Synthesis of carbohydrates
Column I Column II
(i) Stomata (b) Transpiration
(ii) Xylem (d) Transport of water
(iii) Root hairs (a) Absorption of water
(iv) Phloem (c) Transport of food
1. Stomata: Stomata are the specialized epidermal structures consists of small pores (surrounded by guard cells) which are responsible for the gaseous exchange between plant and the environment. Transpiration is the loss of water from the aerial parts of the plants like leaves in the water vapours form; and this occurs through the stomata which is known as stomatal transpiration.
2. Xylem: The water and minerals from soil enters the plant through the roots and then pass into the xylem, then from this the dissolved mineral and water moves in the upward direction that occurs from the soil to the uppermost leaves. This upward movement of minerals and water against the gravitational force through the xylem is known as ascent of sap.
3. Root hair: Roots are the primary source for the absorption of water and contains large number of root hair which makes intimate contact with the soil particles and amplifies the surface area for the water absorption by the plant; then water from the soil enters into the root through root hair. Diagram:
4. Phloem: The movement of the phloem sap (complex mixture of organic and inorganic substances) from the leaves to other parts of the plant through the phloem is known as phloem translocation.
What are stomata? Give two functions of stomata.
Draw a diagram of the human excretory system and label the various parts.
Describe the function of the heart.
Does transpiration serve any useful function in the plants? Explain.
What are the components of blood?
Why is transport of materials necessary in a plant or in an animal? Explain.
What will happen if there are no platelets in the blood?
Why is it necessary to excrete waste products?
Why is blood needed by all the parts of a body?
What makes the blood look red?
State similarities and differences between the laboratory thermometer and the clinical thermometer.
State differences between acids and bases.
Classify the changes involved in the following processes as physical or chemical changes:
(a) Photosynthesis
(b) Dissolving sugar in water
(c) Burning of coal
(d) Melting of wax
(e) Beating aluminium to make aluminium foil
(f ) Digestion of food
Name the elements that determine the weather of a place.
Fill the missing word in the blank spaces in the following statements:
(a) Wind is——————air.
(b) Winds are generated due to —————— heating on the earth.
(c) Near the earth’s surface __________air rises up whereas ___________ air comes down.
(d) Air moves from a region of ——— pressure to a region of ———.
In addition to the rock particles, the soil contains
(i) air and water
(ii) water and plants
(iii) minerals, organic matter, air and water
(iv) water, air and plants
Why does an athlete breathe faster and deeper than usual after finishing the race?
Fill in the blanks:
(a) Production of new individuals from the vegetative part of parent is called_____________.
(b) A flower may have either male or female reproductive parts. Such a flower is called_____________.
(c) The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same or of another flower of the same kind is known as _____________.
(d) The fusion of male and female gametes is termed as _____________.
(e) Seed dispersal takes place by means of _____________, _____________ and _____________.
Classify the following as motion along a straight line, circular or oscillatory motion:
(i) Motion of your hands while running.
(ii) Motion of a horse pulling a cart on a straight road.
(iii) Motion of a child in a merry-go-round.
(iv) Motion of a child on a see-saw.
(v) Motion of the hammer of an electric bell.
(vi) Motion of a train on a straight bridge.
Why do organisms need to take food?
Describe how crystals of copper sulphate are prepared.
Discuss why wearing more layers of clothing during winter keeps us warmer than wearing just one thick piece of clothing.
Which features adapt polar bears to live in extremely cold climate?
(i) A white fur, fat below skin, keen sense of smell.
(ii) Thin skin, large eyes, a white fur.
(iii) A long tail, strong claws, white large paws.
(iv) White body, paws for swimming, gills for respiration.
Make sketches of the two stages in the life history of the silk moth which are directly related to the production of silk.
How do elephant living in the tropical rainforest adapt itself?
Which of the following relations is correct?
(i) Speed = Distance × Time (ii) Speed = Distance
Time
(iii) Speed = Time (iv) Speed = 1
Distance Distance × Time
Out of the following, which are the two terms related to silk production? Sericulture, floriculture, moriculture, apiculture and silviculture.
Hints:
(i) Silk production involves cultivation of mulberry leaves and rearing silkworms.
(ii) Scientific name of mulberry is Morus alba.
Explain the factors responsible for the depletion of water table.
What is sewage? Explain why it is harmful to discharge untreated sewage into rivers or seas.
Tick the correct answer:
(a) The reproductive part of a plant is the
(i) leaf (ii) stem (iii) root (iv) flower
(b) The process of fusion of the male and the female gametes is called
(i) fertilisation (ii) pollination
(iii) reproduction (iv) seed formation
(c) Mature ovary forms the
(i) seed (ii) stamen
(iii) pistil (iv) fruit
(d) A spore producing plant is
(i) rose (ii) bread mould
(iii) potato (iv) ginger
(e) Bryophyllum can reproduce by its
(i) stem (ii) leaves
(iii) roots (iv) flower