Match the items of Column I with suitable items in Column II
Column I Column II
(a) Salivary gland (i) Bile juice secretion
(b) Stomach (ii) Storage of undigested food
(c) Liver (iii) Saliva secretion
(d) Rectum (iv) Acid release
(e) Small intestine (v) Digestion is completed
(f ) Large intestine (vi) Absorption of water
(vii) Release of faeces
Column I Column II
(a) Salivary gland (iii) Saliva secretion
(b) Stomach (iv) Acid release
(c) Liver (i) Bile juice secretion
(d) Rectum (ii) Storage of undigested food
(e) Small intestine (v) Digestion is completed
(f ) Large intestine (vi) Absorption of water
1. Salivary glands: The salivary glands present in mammals are exocrine glands which produces saliva that contains salivary amylase enzyme through a system of ducts. Humans contain three paired major salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, and sublingual), a pair of seromucous tubarial glands and as well as various minor salivary glands.
2. Stomach: Stomach is a muscular organ located on the left side of the upper abdomen and it stomach receives food from the oesophagus through the buccal cavity. As food reaches the end of the oesophagus, it enters to the stomach which secretes acid and various enzymes that helps in the digestion of food.
3. Liver: The liver is the largest gland that only found in vertebrates which detoxifies various metabolites, synthesizes proteins and produces biochemical substances which are necessary for digestion and growth. In humans, it is located in the right upper part of the abdomen.
4. Rectum: The rectum is a chamber that starts at the end of the large intestine, immediately continues the sigmoid colon, and ends at the anus. The rectum is empty because stool is stored higher in the descending colon.
5. Small Intestine: The small intestine is an organ in gastrointestinal tract where most of the end of absorption of nutrients and minerals from food takes place. It is present between the stomach and large intestine, and it receives bile and pancreatic juice through the pancreatic duct for the digestion of complex substances.
6. Large Intestine: The large intestine is shorter than the small intestine and is the last part of the gastrointestinal tract and of the digestive system in vertebrates. Water is absorbed in the large intestine and the remaining waste material is stored as faeces before the elimination or by defecation.
7. Anus: The anus is the opening where the gastrointestinal tract ends and exits from the body. The anus starts at the bottom part of the rectum and is the last portion of the colon i.e. large intestine. The anorectal line helps in the separation of the anus from the rectum.
Write one similarity and one difference between the nutrition in amoeba and human beings.
Label Fig. 2.11 of the digestive system.
Can we survive only on raw, leafy vegetables/grass? Discuss.
Which part of the digestive canal is involved in:
(i) absorption of food ________________.
(ii) chewing of food ________________.
(iii) killing of bacteria ________________.
(iv) complete digestion of food ________________.
(v) formation of faeces ________________.
Name the type of carbohydrate that can be digested by ruminants but not by humans. Give the reason also.
Why do we get instant energy from glucose?
Match the items of Column I with those given in Column II:
Column I Column II
Food components Product(s) of digestion
Carbohydrates Fatty acids and glycerol
Proteins Sugar
Fats Amino acids
Tick (✓) mark the correct answer in each of the following:
(a) Fat is completely digested in the
(i) stomach (ii) mouth (iii) small intestine (iv) large intestine
(b) Water from the undigested food is absorbed mainly in the
(i) stomach (ii) foodpipe (iii) small intestine (iv) large intestine
Where is the bile produced? Which component of the food does it help to digest?
What are villi? What is their location and function?
State similarities and differences between the laboratory thermometer and the clinical thermometer.
State differences between acids and bases.
Classify the changes involved in the following processes as physical or chemical changes:
(a) Photosynthesis
(b) Dissolving sugar in water
(c) Burning of coal
(d) Melting of wax
(e) Beating aluminium to make aluminium foil
(f ) Digestion of food
Name the elements that determine the weather of a place.
Fill the missing word in the blank spaces in the following statements:
(a) Wind is——————air.
(b) Winds are generated due to —————— heating on the earth.
(c) Near the earth’s surface __________air rises up whereas ___________ air comes down.
(d) Air moves from a region of ——— pressure to a region of ———.
In addition to the rock particles, the soil contains
(i) air and water
(ii) water and plants
(iii) minerals, organic matter, air and water
(iv) water, air and plants
Why does an athlete breathe faster and deeper than usual after finishing the race?
Match structures given in Column I with functions given in Column II.
Column I Column II
(i) Stomata (a) Absorption of water
(ii) Xylem (b) Transpiration
(iii) Root hairs (c) Transport of food
(iv) Phloem (d) Transport of water
(e) Synthesis of carbohydrates
Fill in the blanks:
(a) Production of new individuals from the vegetative part of parent is called_____________.
(b) A flower may have either male or female reproductive parts. Such a flower is called_____________.
(c) The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same or of another flower of the same kind is known as _____________.
(d) The fusion of male and female gametes is termed as _____________.
(e) Seed dispersal takes place by means of _____________, _____________ and _____________.
Classify the following as motion along a straight line, circular or oscillatory motion:
(i) Motion of your hands while running.
(ii) Motion of a horse pulling a cart on a straight road.
(iii) Motion of a child in a merry-go-round.
(iv) Motion of a child on a see-saw.
(v) Motion of the hammer of an electric bell.
(vi) Motion of a train on a straight bridge.
List the similarities and differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Tick the correct answer:
(a) Amarbel is an example of:
(i) autotroph (ii) parasite (iii) saprotroph (iv) host
(b) The plant which traps and feeds on insects is:
(i) Cuscuta (ii) china rose (iv) pitcher plant (iv) rose
Solve the following crossword puzzle with the clues given:
Across
2. Plantation prevents it.
5. Use should be banned to avoid soil pollution.
6. Type of soil used for making pottery.
7. Living organism in the soil.
Down
1. In desert soil erosion occurs through.
3. Clay and loam are suitable for cereals like.
4. This type of soil can hold very little water.
5. Collective name for layers of soil.
Describe the different methods of asexual reproduction. Give examples.
Will the compass needle show deflection when the switch in the circuit shown by Fig.14.24 is closed?
The distance between two stations is 240 km. A train takes 4 hours to cover this distance. Calculate the speed of the train.
Salma takes 15 minutes from her house to reach her school on a bicycle. If the bicycle has a speed of 2 m/s, calculate the distance between her house and the school.
Why do organisms need to take food?
Does transpiration serve any useful function in the plants? Explain.
How would you test the presence of starch in leaves?