How do the guard cells regulate opening and closing of stomatal pores?
Stomata are the specialized structures that are responsible for the exchange of gases between the plant and the environment. Stomata consist of small pores which are surrounded by a pair of kidney shaped guard cells which helps in the regulation of stomatal apertures. The opening and closing of the stomata is caused by the changes in the turgidity of the guard cells. Process of opening and closing of stomata:-
Stomata opening occurs due to the osmotic entry of water into the guard cells. When the water level or turgidity increases within two guard cells the thin outer walls bulge out and they elongate themselves because of the microfibrils in the cell wall of the guard cells. This expansion pulls off the guard cells and the increased turgidity of the cell wall causes the stomata to open.
Closing of stomata involves the reverse process in which when the guard cells lose turgidity due to the water loss from the elastic inner walls helps to regain their original shape. Then the guard cell becomes flaccid and closes the stomata.
Diagram:
Why is diffusion insufficient to meet the oxygen requirements of multi-cellular organisms like humans?
How is the amount of urine produced regulated?
What are the different ways in which glucose is oxidised to provide energy in various organisms?
What criteria do we use to decide whether something is alive?
The breakdown of pyruvate to give carbon dioxide, water and energy takes place in
(a) cytoplasm. (c) chloroplast.
(b) mitochondria. (d) nucleus.
What are the differences between autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition?
What are the components of the transport system in highly organised plants?
What are outside raw materials used for by an organism?
What would be the consequences of a deficiency of haemoglobin in our bodies?
What advantage over an aquatic organism does a terrestrial organism have with regard to obtaining oxygen for respiration?
Did Döbereiner’s triads also exist in the columns of Newlands’ Octaves? Compare and find out.
What is a good source of energy?
What are trophic levels? Give an example of a food chain and state the different trophic levels in it.
What changes can you make in your habits to become more environment-friendly?
What is the difference between a reflex action and walking?
What is the importance of DNA copying in reproduction?
If a trait A exists in 10% of a population of an asexually reproducing species and a trait B exists in 60% of the same population, which trait is likely to have arisen earlier?
Why should a magnesium ribbon be cleared before burning in air?
Define the principal focus of a concave mirror.
You have been provided with three test tubes. One of them contains distilled water and the other two contain an acidic solution and a basic solution, respectively. If you are given only red litmus paper, how will you identify the contents of each test tube?
Five solutions A,B,C,D and E when tested with universal indicator showed pH as 4,1,11,7 and 9, respectively. Which solution is
(a) neutral?
(b) strongly alkaline?
(c) strongly acidic?
(d) weakly acidic?
(e) weakly alkaline?
Arrange the pH in increasing order of hydrogen-ion concentration.
Draw a labelled diagram of the longitudinal section of a flower.
Do basic solutions also have H+(aq) ions? If yes, then why are these basic?
What is the difference between displacement and double displacement reactions? Write equations for these reactions.
The brain is responsible for
(a) thinking.
(b) regulating the heart beat.
(c) balancing the body.
(d) all of the above.
When a 12 V battery is connected across an unknown resistor, there is a current of 2.5 mA in the circuit. Find the value of the resistance of the resistor.
What are the different methods of contraception?
How do we detect the smell of an agarbatti (incense stick)?
If a trait A exists in 10% of a population of an asexually reproducing species and a trait B exists in 60% of the same population, which trait is likely to have arisen earlier?
Find out, from Table 10.3, the medium having highest optical density. Also find the medium with lowest optical density.
Material medium |
Refractive index |
Material medium |
Refractive index |
Air | 1.0003 | Canada Balsam |
1.53 |
Ice | 1.31 | ||
Water | 1.33 | Rock salt | 1.54 |
Alcohol | 1.36 | ||
Kerosene | 1.44 | Carbon disulphide |
1.63 |
Fused quartz |
1.46 | ||
Turpentine oil |
1.47 | Ruby | 1.71 |
Benzene | 1.50 | Sapphire | 1.77 |
Crown glass |
1.52 | Diamond | 2.42 |
Table 10.3 Absolute refractive index of some material media