A man with blood group A marries a woman with blood group O and their daughter has blood group O. Is this information enough to tell you which of the traits – blood group A or O – is dominant? Why or why not?
This information is not enough to tell which of the traits A or O dominant. In human hereditary characters, A, B, ABO blood group is dominant or O is recessive. But in the above case we cannot detect which blood group is dominant. If father’s blood group is A, genotypes will be homozygous AA or heterozygous AO. And women having the blood group O, then the genotype will be homozygous OO and heterozygous AO.
If A is dominant, the cross of father genotype IAIA with mother have IoIo and the progeny will have 50- 50 percent of the genetic material, where the father blood group is A and mother’s is O.
IA IA
IAIO | IAIO |
IAIO | IAIO |
Io Io
If the blood group O is dominant, when we cross the father genotype IAIO with the mother genotype IoIo, the child will contain blood group O.
IA Io
IAIO | IOIO |
IAIO | IOIO |
Io Io
So, in both cases the child will have O. So, this is not clear which trait is dominant.
Outline a project which aims to find the dominant coat colour in dogs.
How is the sex of the child determined in human beings?
How do Mendel’s experiments show that traits are inherited independently?
If a trait A exists in 10% of a population of an asexually reproducing species and a trait B exists in 60% of the same population, which trait is likely to have arisen earlier?
Explain how sexual reproduction gives rise to more viable variations than asexual reproduction. How does this affect the evolution of those organisms that reproduce sexually?
Explain the terms analogous and homologous organs with examples.
How do Mendel’s experiments show that traits may be dominant or recessive?
How does the creation of variations in a species promote survival?
Will geographical isolation be a major factor in the speciation of an organism that reproduces asexually? Why or why not?
Why are traits acquired during the life-time of an individual not inherited?
Did Döbereiner’s triads also exist in the columns of Newlands’ Octaves? Compare and find out.
What is a good source of energy?
Why is diffusion insufficient to meet the oxygen requirements of multi-cellular organisms like humans?
What are trophic levels? Give an example of a food chain and state the different trophic levels in it.
What changes can you make in your habits to become more environment-friendly?
What is the difference between a reflex action and walking?
What is the importance of DNA copying in reproduction?
Why should a magnesium ribbon be cleared before burning in air?
Define the principal focus of a concave mirror.
You have been provided with three test tubes. One of them contains distilled water and the other two contain an acidic solution and a basic solution, respectively. If you are given only red litmus paper, how will you identify the contents of each test tube?
Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions.
(a) Calcium hydroxide + Carbon dioxide → Calcium carbonate + Water
(b) Zinc + Silver nitrate → Zinc nitrate + Silver
(c) Aluminium + Copper chloride → Aluminium chloride + Copper
(d) Barium chloride + Potassium sulphate → Barium sulphate + Potassium chloride
What are the limitations of the energy that can be obtained from the oceans?
What advantage over an aquatic organism does a terrestrial organism have with regard to obtaining oxygen for respiration?
How are the alveoli designed to maximise the exchange of gases?
(i) Write the electron-dot structures for sodium, oxygen and magnesium.
(ii) Show the formation of Na2O and MgO by the transfer of electrons.
(iii) What are the ions present in these compounds?
Compute the heat generated while transferring 96000 coulomb of charge in one hour through a potential difference of 50 V.
Name a mirror that can give an erect and enlarged image of an object.
How can three resistors of resistances 2 Ω, 3 Ω, and 6 Ω be connected to give a total resistance of (a) 4 Ω, (b) 1 Ω?
Judge the equivalent resistance when the following are connected in parallel – (a) 1 Ω and 106 Ω, (b) 1 Ω and 103 Ω, and 106 Ω.
The position of three elements A, B and C in the Periodic Table are shown below –
Group 16 Group 17
- -
- A
- -
B C
(a) State whether A is a metal or non-metal.
(b) State whether C is more reactive or less reactive than A.
(c) Will C be larger or smaller in size than B?
(d) Which type of ion, cation or anion, will be formed by element A?