Class 10 Science - Chapter Control and Coordination NCERT Solutions | What are the major parts of the brain? M
What are the major parts of the brain? Mention the functions of different parts.
The brain can be grouped into various parts based on anatomical distinctions and functional specialization. The brain is divided into three major regions:-
1. Forebrain (prosencephalon):- Largest part of the brain. It includes cerebrum and diencephalon. The diencephalon further consists of two main parts- thalamus and hypothalamus.
2. Midbrain (mesencephalon):- it includes tectum and tegmentum.
3. Hindbrain (rhombencephalon):- it includes pons, cerebellum and medulla.
- Cerebrum:- It is the largest part of the brain and is divided into two halves- right and left hemispheres; corpus callosum (mass of fibres) which connects the hemisphere. Functions:- 1. It controls voluntary motor activity; 2. Speaking ability; 3. Elaboration of thoughts; 4. Memory, auditory, speech and language functions etc.
- Diencephalon:- it consists of three parts- thalamus (sensory awareness of pain, temperature and touch provided by thalamus), epithalamus (secretes cerebrospinal fluid) and hypothalamus performs many important functions like-controls body temperature, controls thirst and urine output, control food intake, plays important role in emotional and behavioural patterns etc.
- Cerebellum:- It is the second largest part of the brain which is attached to the back of the upper portion of the brain stem. It plays role in important functions like- maintains body posture and muscle tone, coordinate voluntary muscular activities and balance of the body and it also controls circadian rhythm cycle (sleep- wake cycle).
- Medulla oblongata:- the lowest part of the brain stem and is interconnected with the spinal cord. It helps in to regulate the heartbeat, blood vessels diameter, vomiting, sneezing, coughing, hiccups etc.
- Pons:- it lies directly superior to the medulla and anterior to the cerebellum. It plays important role in eye muscle control, facial muscle strength etc.
Diagram:
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