Devotional Paths to the Divine Question Answers: NCERT Class 7 Social Science - Our Past-2 (History)

The Buddha                                      Questioned social difference
Shankaradeve                                  Namghar
Auliya                                               Sufi saint
Nayanars                                         Worship of shiva
Alvars                                               Worship of Vishnu

(a) advaita
(b) alvaras
(c) basavanna, allama prabhu and akkamahadevi
(d) pandharpur

The briefs and practice of the nathpanthis, sidhas and yogis were as given below:
- They find fault with the ritual and other aspects of conventional regional and the social order.

- They used simple and logical argument to represent their thoughts in front of them.
- They advocate renunciation of the world.

They major ideas of kabir were as follows:
- His teachings were mainly based on complete, indeed vehement reaction of the major religious traditions.
- He openly contempted all types of external worship of both brahmanical Hindustan and islam.
- He also contempted the pre-eminence of the priestly classes and the casteism system.
- To express his ideas, he used a form of spoken hindi.

Major beliefs and practices of the sufis that are as follows:
- They refuses outward religiosity and emphasized love and devotion to god.
- They also highlighted the compassion towards all fellow human beings.
- They refuses idol worship and simplifies rituals of worship into prayer's collection.

.- They believed in monotheism or submission towards one god.

Many teachers rejected prevalent religious beliefs and practice because of some reasons that are as follows:
- It created much differences in the society.
- Those teachings favoured the upper caste people and lower caste people suffered a lot.
- They believed in equality of god and want to break the evils of the society.
- Bondage can be broken if approached god with the devotion.

The major teaching or learning of baba guru nanak that were given are as under:
- He emphasized the importance of the worship of one god.
- He insisted that caste creed or gender was irrelevant for attaining freeness.
- Guru nanak maainly promoted the idea of equality.

- He directed to the importance to right belief and worship, honest living and helping others.

The attitude of virashaivas towards the castes were as follows:
- They reacted to the temple worship.
- Virashaivas argued very strongly and practically for the equality of all human beings.
- They rejected brahmanical ideas about the casteism and treatment of women.

Due to the following reasons, the common people had preserved the memory of mirabai:
- She was a queen and a devotee of Krishna.
- She composed numerous bhajans expressing here intense devotion to his beloved lord Krishna.
- Her songs openly challenged the normars of the upper castes and became very famous with the masses in rajasthan and gujrat.

- She left her husband, but she did not die. She became very famous as being saved by lord. Thus, her authenticity as a true devotes has been proved.