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Q1 Discuss three factors that determine the outcomes of politics of social divisions.
Ans: Three factors decide the outcome of politics of social divisions are given below :
(1) Single or multiple identities : Outcome depends on how people recognize their identities. If they have only one identity as catholic or protestant, it is difficult to adapt and resolve their differences as happened in Northern Ireland. They will think about their interests exclusively. On the other hand if people have multiple identities i.e., national identity as well as on the basis of language, their differences are easily resolved. As in Belgium ,they are as much Belgian as they are Dutch or German-speaking. This helps them to stay together. In India too, people are Indian as well as belonging to a particular state or a language group or religious community.
(2) Raising of demands of any community by the leaders : To accommodate them easily the demands are raised by the leaders within the framework of the constitution and not at the cost of another community. But if the demands are at the cost of other community, it may lead to violent struggle or division of the county. The examples are Sri Lanka and Yugoslavia.
(3 ) Policy and reaction of the government to demands of different groups : Social divisions become less threatening if the rulers are willing to share and accommodate the demands of the minority community. But if the demands are suppressed in the name of national unity it may result in dissolution. It has happened in Sri Lanka. So there should be no forced integration.
From above the following conclusions may be drawn :The assertion of social diversities in a country need not be seen as a source of danger.In democracy, political expression of social divisions is normal and can be discussed in healthy way. This allows various marginal social groups to express their injustice and get the government to attend them. Expressions of various kinds of social divisions in politics often results in reducing their intensity. This leads to strengthening of a democracy.
Q2 When does a social difference become a social division?
Ans: A social difference becomes a social division when some social difference overlaps with another differences. For example in the USA, the difference between Blacks and Whites has become a social division. The Blacks are poor,without home, and are discriminated. In the same way in India, Dalits are mostly poor, without land, and are discriminated. Such situations are responsible for social divisions because a kind of social difference becomes more important than the other and people have feeling of being different in their own communities.
Q3 How do social divisions affect politics? Give two examples.
Ans: Social divisions affect politics in the way given below:
Social divisions leading to violence and disintegration becomes political divisions. Democracy involves competition among different political parties. Their competition divides society on the basis of existing social divisions. In such situation social divisions become political divisions, thus leading to violence and the disintegration of the country. For example, in Northern Ireland, Roman Catholics (44 percent) demand that It should be unified with the Republic of Ireland, a catholic country. The Protestants (53 percent) and their party wants to stay with the UK which is predominantly protestant. This led to violence and conflict. It was only in 1998 that the UK government and the Nationalists (Catholics)signed a peace treaty and the armed struggle ended. However, in Yugoslavia, political competition among religious and ethnic lines led to it's disintegration into six independent countries. Effect of social divisions on elections: Social divisions are shown in politics. In a democracy ,political parties make promises to different communities and try to readress their grievances of the downside communities. Social divisions affect voting during elections. Candidates are selected on the basis of social divisions to gain maximum voters. A Muslim or Hindu both fights election in a Muslim or Hindu dominated constituency. Parties try to attract voters on the basis of social divisions. For example, the Bahujan Samaj Party seeks the votes of Dalits in India.
Q4 ________________ social differences create possibilities of deep social divisions and tensions. ___________________ social differences do not usually lead to conflicts.
Ans: Overlapping social differences create possibilities of deep social divisions and tensions. Cross-cutting social differences do not usually lead to conflicts.
Q5 In dealing with social divisions which one of the following statements is NOT correct about democracy?
(a) Due to political competition in a democracy, social divisions get reflected in politics.
(b) In a democracy it is possible for communities to voice their grievances in a peaceful manner.
(c) Democracy is the best way to accommodate social diversity.
(d) Democracy always leads to disintegration of society on the basis of social divisions.Ans: (d) Democracy always leads to disintegration of society on the basis of social divisions. This statement is totally false.
Q6 Consider the following three statements.
A. Social divisions take place when social differences overlap.
B. It is possible that a person can have multiple identities.
C. Social divisions exist in only big countries like India.Which of the statements is/are correct?
(a) A, B and C (b) A and B (c) B and C (d) Only CAns: (b) A and B
Q7 Arrange the following statements in a logical sequence and select the right answers by using the code given below.
A. But all political expression of social divisions need not be always dangerous.
B. Social divisions of one kind or the other exist in most countries.
C. Parties try to win political support by appealing to social divisions.
D. Some social differences may result in social divisions.
(a) D, B, C, A (b) D, B, A, C (c) D, A, C, B (d) A, B, C, DAns: (a) (D), (B), (C), (A)
Q8 Among the following, which country suffered disintegration due to political fights on the basis of religious and ethnic identities?
(a) Belgium (b) India (c) Yugoslavia (d) NetherlandsAns: (c) Yugoslavia because it was set up as a federation of Six republics after World War II and the conflicts occur due to unsolved issues.
Democracy and Diversity Question Answers: NCERT Class 10 Social Science - Democratic Politics
Welcome to the Chapter 3 - Democracy and Diversity, Class 10 Social Science - Democratic Politics - NCERT Solutions page. Here, we provide detailed question answers for Chapter 3 - Democracy and Diversity.The page is designed to help students gain a thorough understanding of the concepts related to natural resources, their classification, and sustainable development.
Our solutions explain each answer in a simple and comprehensive way, making it easier for students to grasp key topics and excel in their exams. By going through these Democracy and Diversity question answers, you can strengthen your foundation and improve your performance in Class 10 Social Science - Democratic Politics. Whether you're revising or preparing for tests, this chapter-wise guide will serve as an invaluable resource.
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Popular Questions of Class 10 Social Science - Democratic Politics
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State how caste inequalities are still continuing in India.
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Read the following passage, and pick out any one of the prudential reasons for power sharing offered in this.
“We need to give more power to the panchayats to realise the dream of Mahatma Gandhi, and the hopes of the makers of our Constitution. The Panchayati Raj establishes true democracy. It restores power to the only place where power belongs in a democracy – in the hands of the people. Giving power to Panchayats is also a way to reduce corruption, and increase administrative efficiency. When people participate in the planning and implementation of developmental schemes, they would naturally exercise greater control over these schemes. This would eliminate the corrupt middlemen. Thus the Panchayati Raj will strengthen the foundations of our democracy."
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Give arguments to support or oppose the following assertions:
* Industrialised countries can afford democracy but the poor need dictatorship to become rich.
* Democracy can’t reduce inequality of incomes between different citizens.
* Government in poor countries should spend less on poverty reduction, health, education and spend more on industries and infrastructure.
* In democracy all citizens have one vote, which means that there is absence of any domination and conflict. - Q:-
Point out one feature in the practice of federalism in India that is similar to and one feature that is different from that of Belgium.
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When does a social difference become a social division?
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Identify the challenges to democracy in the following descriptions. Also suggest policy/institutional mechanism to deepen democracy in the given situations:
* Following a High Court directive a temple in Orissa that had separate entry doors for dalits and non-dalits allowed entry for all from the same door.
* A large number of farmers are committing suicide in different states of India.
* Following allegation of killing of three civilians in Gandwara in a fake encounter by Jammu and Kashmir police, an enquiry has been ordered. - Q:-
State two reasons to say that caste alone cannot determine election results in India.
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How do social divisions affect politics? Give two examples.
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The distinguishing feature of a federal government is:
(a) National government gives some powers to the provincial governments.
(b) Power is distributed among the legislature, executive and judiciary.
(c) Elected officials exercise supreme power in the government.
(d) Governmental power is divided between different levels of government. - Q:-
What are the conditions under which democracies accommodate social diversities?
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A group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government is called a _____________________.
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In the context of democracies, which of the following ideas is correct – democracies have successfully eliminated:
A. conflicts among people
B. economic inequalities among people
C. differences of opinion about how marginalised sections are to be treated
D. the idea of political inequality - Q:-
When does a social difference become a social division?
- Q:-
Read the following passage, and pick out any one of the prudential reasons for power sharing offered in this.
“We need to give more power to the panchayats to realise the dream of Mahatma Gandhi, and the hopes of the makers of our Constitution. The Panchayati Raj establishes true democracy. It restores power to the only place where power belongs in a democracy – in the hands of the people. Giving power to Panchayats is also a way to reduce corruption, and increase administrative efficiency. When people participate in the planning and implementation of developmental schemes, they would naturally exercise greater control over these schemes. This would eliminate the corrupt middlemen. Thus the Panchayati Raj will strengthen the foundations of our democracy."
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State the various functions political parties perform in a democracy.
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State different forms of communal politics with one example each.
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How do social divisions affect politics? Give two examples.
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The distinguishing feature of a federal government is:
(a) National government gives some powers to the provincial governments.
(b) Power is distributed among the legislature, executive and judiciary.
(c) Elected officials exercise supreme power in the government.
(d) Governmental power is divided between different levels of government. - Q:-
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
List 1 List 2 1. Union of India A. Prime Minister 2. State B. Sarpanch 3. Municipal Corporation C. Governor 4. Gram Panchayat D. Mayor 1 2 3 4 (a) D A B C (b) B C D A (c) A C D B (d) C D A B - Q:-
Mention different aspects of life in which women are discriminated or disadvantaged in India.
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