Welcome to the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology - Chapter Evolution. This page offers a step-by-step solution to the specific question from Exercise 1, Question 4: . With detailed answers and explanations for each chapter, students can strengthen their understanding and prepare confidently for exams. Ideal for CBSE and other board students, this resource will simplify your study experience.
The various components of human evolution are as follows.
(i) Brain capacity
(ii) Posture
iii. Food / dietary preference and other important features
|
|
Name |
Brain capacity |
Posture |
Food |
Features |
|
1. |
Dryopithecus africans |
--- |
Knuckle walker, walked similar to gorillas and chimpanzees (was more ape-like) |
Soft fruit and leaves |
Canines large, arms and legs are of equal size |
|
2. |
Ramapithecus |
--- |
Semi-erect (more man-like) |
Seeds, nuts |
Canines were small while molars were large. |
|
3. |
Australopithecus africanus |
450 cm3 |
Full erect posture, height (1.05 m) |
Herbivorous (ate fruits) |
Hunted with stone weapons, lived at trees, canines and incisors were small |
|
4. |
Homo habilis |
735cm3 |
Fully erect posture, height (1.5 m) |
Carnivorous |
Canines were small. They were first tool makers. |
|
5. |
Homo erectus |
800-1100 cm3 |
Fully erect posture, height(1.5-1.8 m ) |
Omnivorous |
They used stone and bone tools for hunting games. |
|
6. |
Homo neanderthalnsis |
1300-1600 cm3 |
Fully erect posture, height (1.5-1.66 m) |
Omnivorous |
Cave dwellers, used hides to protect their bodies, and buried their dead |
|
7. |
Homo sapiens fossilis |
1650 cm3 |
Fully erect posture with height (1.8 m) |
Omnivorous |
They had strong jaw with teeth close together. They were cave dwellers, made paintings and carvings in the caves. They developed a culture and were called first modern men. |
|
8. |
Homo sapiens sapiens |
1200-1600 cm3 |
Fully erect posture, height (1.5-1.8 m ) |
Omnivorous |
They are the living modern men, with high intelligence. They developed art, culture, language, speech, etc. They cultivated crops and domesticated animals. |
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